ArticleCancer cell international2011
Clathrin-mediated entry and cellular localization of chlorotoxin in human glioma.
Article in Cancer cell international, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Radionuclide-stimulated dynamic therapy induces complementary immunogenic necroptosis and apoptosis cancer cell death pathways.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Directed evolution of chlorotoxin enhances MMP-2 recognition and improves CAR-T-cell activity in glioblastoma modelsFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Scorpion Venom as a Source of Cancer Drugs: A Comprehensive Proteomic Analysis and Therapeutic Potential.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Chlorotoxin and Lung Cancer: A Targeting Perspective for Drug Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Precisely controlling the cellular internalization of DNA-decorated semiconductor polymer nanoparticles for drug delivery.RSC advances · 2022Article
- Role of Endocytosis Pathways in Electropermeablization of MCF7 Cells Using Low Voltage and High Frequency Electrochemotherapy.Cell journal · 2021Article
- A comprehensive study on 2D, 3D and solid tumor environment to explore a multifunctional biogenic nanoconjugate.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Review
- Miniproteins as a Powerful Modality in Drug Development.Trends in biochemical sciences · 2020Review
- A C-Terminal Fragment of Chlorotoxin Retains Bioactivity and Inhibits Cell Migration.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2019Article
- An in vitro demonstration of overcoming drug resistance in SKOV3 TR and MCF7 ADR with targeted delivery of polymer pro-drug conjugates.Journal of drug targeting · 2017Article
- Targeted delivery of in situ PCR-amplified Sleeping Beauty transposon genes to cancer cells with lipid-based nanoparticle-like protocells.Biomaterials · 2017Article
- Toxin bioportides: exploring toxin biological activity and multifunctionality.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2017Review
- Recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of gliomas using chlorotoxin-based bioconjugates.American journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundChlorotoxin (TM601), a scorpion venom- derived 36-AA peptide, is an experimental drug against recurrent glioma with tumor specificity but unknown route of intracellular distribution. The aim of this study was to evaluate the route of entry and cellular localization of TM601 in glioma cells.
resultsWe have found that in human gliomas, lung carcinoma and normal vascular endothelial cells, TM601 localizes near trans-Golgi while in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) and astrocytes it is dispersed in the cytoplasm. The uptake of TM601 by U373 glioma cells is rapid, concentration and time dependent, not affected by inhibitors such as filipin (caveolae-dependent endocytosis) and amiloride (non-selective macropinocytosis), but significantly affected by chlorpromazine (clathrin-dependent intracellular transport of coated pits) resulting in intracellular build-up of the drug and clathrin near the Golgi. In contrast, TM601 uptake by NHDF cells was significantly affected by amiloride indicating that macropinocytosis is the dominant uptake route of TM601 in these cells.
conclusionsIn conclusion, we found a distinct cellular localization pattern and uptake of TM601 by glioma cells differing from that found in normal cells. Further insight into the cellular processing of TM601 should assist in the development of effective anti-glioma therapeutic modalities.
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Registered trials
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