ArticleCancer research2011
Transplantation of β-endorphin neurons into the hypothalamus promotes immune function and restricts the growth and metastasis of mammary carcinoma.
Article in Cancer research, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oxidation-activated nanotherapy boosts tumor immunity and disrupts tumor-nerve crosstalk to combat bone metastases and cancer pain.Science advances · 2026Article
- Review
- The role of acetylcholine and its receptors in tumor immune regulation: mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Review
- Opioid System and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Role of Endorphins in Breast Cancer Pathogenesis and Recovery.Advances in neurobiology · 2024Article
- Neurotransmitters: promising immune modulators in the tumor microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Evaluation of the Influence of Biological Factors during the Course of Treatment in Patients with Ovarian Cancer.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Beta 2 adrenergic receptor and mu opioid receptor interact to potentiate the aggressiveness of human breast cancer cell by activating the glycogen synthase kinase 3 signaling.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2022Article
- Circulating levels of β-endorphin and cortisol in breast cancer.Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology · 2021Article
- Preconception Alcohol Exposure Increases the Susceptibility to Diabetes in the Offspring.Endocrinology · 2021Article
- Opioid Receptor-Mediated and Non-Opioid Receptor-Mediated Roles of Opioids in Tumour Growth and Metastasis.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- MAPK10 Expression as a Prognostic Marker of the Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Article
- A combined opiate agonist and antagonist treatment reduces prolactin secreting pituitary tumor growth.Journal of cell communication and signaling · 2017Article
- Hypothalamic beta-endorphin neurons suppress preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions development in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine induced rat colon cancer model.Journal of Cancer · 2017Article
- Inhibition of Mammary Cancer Progression in Fetal Alcohol Exposed Rats by β-Endorphin Neurons.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2016Article
- Dopamine receptor antagonist thioridazine inhibits tumor growth in a murine breast cancer model.Molecular medicine reports · 2015Article
- Positive expression of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) is a novel independent poor prognostic marker in surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer.Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine · 2015Article
- The effects of beta-endorphin: state change modification.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2015Review
- Neuroimmune Function and the Consequences of Alcohol Exposure.Alcohol research : current reviews · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Neurobehavioral stress has been shown to promote tumor growth and progression and dampen the immune system. In this study, we investigated whether inhibiting stress hormone production could inhibit the development of mammary carcinoma and metastasis in a rat model of breast carcinogenesis. To enhance β-endorphin (BEP), the endogenous opioid polypeptide that boosts immune activity and decreases stress, we generated BEP neurons by in vitro differentiation from fetal neuronal stem cells and transplanted them into the hypothalami of rats subjected to breast carcinogenesis. BEP-transplanted rats displayed a reduction in mammary tumor incidence, growth, malignancy rate, and metastasis compared with cortical cells-transplanted rats. BEP neuron transplants also reduced inflammation and epithelial to mesenchymal transition in the tumor tissues. In addition, BEP neuron transplants increased peripheral natural killer (NK) cell and macrophage activities, elevated plasma levels of antiinflammatory cytokines, and reduced plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines. Antimetastatic effects along with stimulation of NK cells and macrophages could be reversed by treatment with the opiate antagonist naloxone, the β-receptor agonist metaproterenol, or the nicotine acetylcholine receptor antagonist methyllycaconitine. Together, our findings establish a protective role for BEP against the growth and metastasis of mammary tumor cells by altering autonomic nervous system activities that enhance innate immune function.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.