Placebo by proxy.

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

Who cites it

39 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

1. Autism intervention meta-analysis of early childhood studies (Project AIM): updated systematic review and secondary analysis.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2023
   Pooled it
2. Understanding the Effects of Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions: A Project AIM Meta-analysis.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2021
   Pooled it
3. Age, sex, disease severity, and disease duration difference in placebo response: implications from a meta-analysis of diabetes mellitus.BMC medicine · 2020
   Pooled it
4. Project AIM: Autism intervention meta-analysis for studies of young children.Psychological bulletin · 2020
   Pooled it
5. Certainty of genuine treatment increases drug responses among intellectually disabled patients.Neurology · 2017
   Pooled it
6. Placebo eff ects in psychiatry: mediators and moderators.The lancet. Psychiatry · 2015
   Pooled it
7. Placebo Responses in Genetically Determined Intellectual Disability: A Meta-Analysis.PloS one · 2015
   Pooled it
8. Cannabidiol (CBD) Treatment for Severe Problem Behaviors in Autistic Boys: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026
   Trial
9. Verbally induced placebo effects on heat pain tolerance in preschool-aged children.Pain · 2026
   Trial
10. Reexamining Pathways Early Autism Intervention in Children Before and After the Third Birthday: A Randomized Control Trial.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2023
    Trial
11. Ambient bright light treatment improved proxy-rated sleep but not sleep measured by actigraphy in nursing home patients with dementia: a placebo-controlled randomised trial.BMC geriatrics · 2021
    Trial
12. Neurofeedback impacts cognition and quality of life in pediatric focal epilepsy: An exploratory randomized double-blinded sham-controlled trial.Epilepsy & behavior : E&B · 2019
    Trial
13. Pharmacogenomics and Placebo Response in a Randomized Clinical Trial in Asthma.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2019
    Trial
14. Placebo by proxy expectations toward acupuncture change over time: a survey comparing parental expectations to acupuncture pre- and postoperatively.BMC complementary and alternative medicine · 2018
    Trial
15. Effect of minimal acupuncture for infantile colic: a multicentre, three-armed, single-blind, randomised controlled trial (ACU-COL).Acupuncture in medicine : journal of the British Medical Acupuncture Society · 2017
    Trial
16. Caregiver placebo effect in analgesic clinical trials for cats with naturally occurring degenerative joint disease-associated pain.The Veterinary record · 2017
    Trial
17. A Qualitative Study of the Treatment Experiences of Autistic Adults Allocated to Sertraline or Placebo for Anxiety in a Blinded Randomised Controlled Trial.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026
    Article
18. Maximizing the Quality and Reporting Standards of Autism Intervention Science.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2025
    Article
19. What do complementary and alternative medicines mean to UK dairy farmers and how do they use them?Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025
    Article
20. Effects of a novel non-pharmacological intervention based on respiratory biofeedback, neurofeedback and median nerve stimulation to treat children with ADHD.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025
    Article

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Funding

Abstract

PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.

Indexed as