ArticleJournal of virology2011
Human and rhesus APOBEC3D, APOBEC3F, APOBEC3G, and APOBEC3H demonstrate a conserved capacity to restrict Vif-deficient HIV-1.
Article in Journal of virology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 254 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
254 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 345 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multiple Inhibitory Factors Act in the Late Phase of HIV-1 Replication: a Systematic Review of the Literature.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2018Pooled it
- Deconvolution of HIV-1 Mutational Signatures Reveals Dominant and Donor-Specific APOBEC3-Associated Mutagenesis Across Anatomical Compartments.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Strain-specific epistasis shapes fitness landscapes of APOBEC3G antagonism by HIV-1 Vif proteins.Science advances · 2026Article
- Review
- The structural mechanism of HIV-2 Vif antagonism of human APOBEC3H.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Collapsing retroviruses for efficient delivery of viro-toxic cargoes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Effects of thymidylate synthase inhibitors differ in genomic uracilation and mutagenic potential.Life science alliance · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of APOBEC3 Packaging into HIV-1.Viruses · 2026Review
- HAMMER: hairpin-based APOBEC3A-mediated mRNA editing reporter.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- HAMMER: Hairpin-based APOBEC3A-mediated mRNA editing reporter.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Guardian ubiquitin E3 ligases target cancer-associated APOBEC3 deaminases for degradation to promote human genome integrity.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Hypoxia-mimicked mitochondrial stress triggers APOBEC3A-mediated DNA damage via non-canonical innate immune activation.NAR molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Fitness Landscapes of APOBEC3G Antagonism by HIV-1 Vif proteins.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Identification of Epstein-Barr virus BORF2 sequences required for APOBEC3B relocalization.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- APOBEC3G Antagonism by Vif, or When Structure Meets Biological and Evolutionary Studies.Annual review of virology · 2025Review
- Article
- HIV-1 vif mediates ubiquitination of the proximal protomer in the APOBEC3H dimer to induce degradation.Nature communications · 2025Article
- HIV-1 latency: From acquaintance to confidant.Journal of virus eradication · 2025Review
- Overview of host-directed antiviral targets for future research and drug development.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Review
- Design and Characterization of Inhibitors of Cell-Mediated Degradation of APOBEC3G That Decrease HIV-1 Infectivity.Viruses · 2025Article
194 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Successful intracellular pathogens must evade or neutralize the innate immune defenses of their host cells and render the cellular environment permissive for replication. For example, to replicate efficiently in CD4(+) T lymphocytes, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) encodes a protein called viral infectivity factor (Vif) that promotes pathogenesis by triggering the degradation of the retrovirus restriction factor APOBEC3G. Other APOBEC3 proteins have been implicated in HIV-1 restriction, but the relevant repertoire remains ambiguous. Here we present the first comprehensive analysis of the complete, seven-member human and rhesus APOBEC3 families in HIV-1 restriction. In addition to APOBEC3G, we find that three other human APOBEC3 proteins, APOBEC3D, APOBEC3F, and APOBEC3H, are all potent HIV-1 restriction factors. These four proteins are expressed in CD4(+) T lymphocytes, are packaged into and restrict Vif-deficient HIV-1 when stably expressed in T cells, mutate proviral DNA, and are counteracted by HIV-1 Vif. Furthermore, APOBEC3D, APOBEC3F, APOBEC3G, and APOBEC3H of the rhesus macaque also are packaged into and restrict Vif-deficient HIV-1 when stably expressed in T cells, and they are all neutralized by the simian immunodeficiency virus Vif protein. On the other hand, neither human nor rhesus APOBEC3A, APOBEC3B, nor APOBEC3C had a significant impact on HIV-1 replication. These data strongly implicate a combination of four APOBEC3 proteins--APOBEC3D, APOBEC3F, APOBEC3G, and APOBEC3H--in HIV-1 restriction.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.