ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2012
Beyond income: material resources among drug users in economically-disadvantaged New York City neighborhoods.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Socioeconomic marginalization and opioid-related overdose: A systematic review.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Pooled it
- Trial
- Material hardship, forced displacement, and negative health outcomes among unhoused people who use drugs in Los Angeles, California and Denver, Colorado: a latent class analysis.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Patterns of socioeconomic marginalization and non-fatal overdose among people who use drugs: A gender-stratified repeated measures latent class analysis.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Article
- Material Hardship, Forced Displacement, and Negative Health Outcomes Among Unhoused People Who Use Drugs in Los Angeles, California and Denver, Colorado: A Latent Class Analysis.Research square · 2024Article
- Patterns of Socioeconomic Marginalization among People Who Use Drugs: A Gender-Stratified Repeated Measures Latent Class Analysis.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2024Article
- Financial Vulnerability and Its Association with HIV Transmission Risk Behaviors Among People Who Inject Drugs in Kyrgyzstan.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
- Socioeconomic marginalization and risk of overdose in a community-recruited cohort of people who use drugs: A longitudinal analysis.The International journal on drug policy · 2023Observational
- Cohort Profile: The Assessing Economic Transitions (ASSET) Study-A Community-Based Mixed-Methods Study of Economic Engagement among Inner-City Residents.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Material Security Scale as a Measurement of Poverty among Key Populations At-Risk for HIV/AIDS in Malaysia: An Implication for People Who Use Drugs and Transgender People during the COVID-19 Pandemic.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- A paradox of need: Gaps in access to dental care among people who use drugs in Canada's publicly funded healthcare system.Health & social care in the community · 2021Article
- Material security as a measure of poverty: a validation study with people who use drugs.Social indicators research · 2021Article
- Material security and adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-positive people who use illicit drugs.AIDS (London, England) · 2020Article
- Association of History of Injection Drug Use with External Cause-Related Mortality Among Persons Linked to HIV Care in an Urban Clinic, 2001-2015.AIDS and behavior · 2019Article
- Reliability and Validity of a Material Resources Scale and Its Association With Depression Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men: The P18 Cohort Study.American journal of men's health · 2018Article
- Prevalence and covariates of food insecurity among residents of single-room occupancy housing in Chicago, IL, USA.Public health nutrition · 2016Article
- Pathways linking drug use and labour market trajectories: the role of catastrophic events.Sociology of health & illness · 2016Article
- Income level and drug related harm among people who use injection drugs in a Canadian setting.The International journal on drug policy · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLittle is known about material resources among drug users beyond income. Income measures can be insensitive to variation among the poor, do not account for variation in cost-of-living, and are subject to non-response bias and underreporting. Further, most do not include illegal income sources that may be relevant to drug-using populations.
methodsWe explored the reliability and validity of an 18-item material resource scale and describe correlates of adequate resources among 1593 current, former and non-drug users recruited in New York City. Reliability was determined using coefficient α, ω(h), and factor analysis. Criterion validity was explored by comparing item and mean scores by income and income source using ANOVA; content validity analyses compared scores by drug use. Multiple linear regression was used to describe correlates of adequate resources.
resultsThe coefficient α and ω(h) for the overall scale were 0.91 and 0.68, respectively, suggesting reliability was at least adequate. Legal income >$5000 (vs. ≤$5000) and formal (vs. informal) income sources were associated with more resources, supporting criterion validity. We observed decreasing resources with increasing drug use severity, supporting construct validity. Three factors were identified: basic needs, economic resources and services. Many did not have their basic needs met and few had adequate economic resources. Correlates of adequate material resources included race/ethnicity, income, income source, and homelessness.
conclusionsThe 18-item material resource scale demonstrated reliability and validity among drug users. These data provide a different view of poverty, one that details specific challenges faced by low-income communities.
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