ArticleMalaria journal2011
New highland distribution records of multiple Anopheles species in the Ecuadorian Andes.
Article in Malaria journal, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Climate change and the rising threat of vector-borne diseases in the Andes.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- An updated checklist of mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) of Ecuador: new records and public health significance.ZooKeys · 2026Article
- Public health consequences of global climate change. A narrative review.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- A Scoping Review of Mosquito Vector Range Shifts: Widespread Expansions and Evidence Gaps in Climate Attribution.Global change biology · 2025Article
- Fluctuating Warm and Humid Conditions Differentially Impact Immunity and Development in the Malaria Vector Anopheles stephensi.Global change biology · 2025Article
- Mothers and mosquitoes: climate change contributes to the spread of vector-borne pathogens posing a substantial threat to pregnant women.Seminars in immunopathology · 2025Review
- A systematic review of climate-change driven range shifts in mosquito vectors.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Evolutionary adaptation under climate change:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Evolutionary adaptation under climate change:bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Spatial Clustering and Risk Factors for Malaria Infections and Marker of Recent Exposure to Plasmodium falciparum from a Household Survey in Artibonite, Haiti.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Article
- Pathogens, reservoirs, and vectors involved in the transmission of vector-borne and zoonotic diseases in a Colombian region.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2023Article
- Rapid range shifts in AfricanBiology letters · 2023Article
- Article
- Characterization of an outbreak of malaria in a non-endemic zone on the coastal region of Ecuador.Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud · 2021Article
- New Records of Anopheles benarrochi B (Diptera: Culicidae) in Malaria Hotspots in the Amazon Regions of Ecuador and Peru.Journal of medical entomology · 2021Article
- Anopheline and human drivers of malaria risk in northern coastal, Ecuador: a pilot study.Malaria journal · 2020Article
- Impact of recent and future climate change on vector-borne diseases.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2019Review
- Spatial modelling of malaria cases associated with environmental factors in South Sumatra, Indonesia.Malaria journal · 2018Article
- Disturbance and mosquito diversity in the lowland tropical rainforest of central Panama.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSeveral recent climate change reviews have stressed the possibility of some malaria vectors occupying regions of higher altitudes than previously recorded. Indeed, highland malaria has been observed in several African nations, possibly attributable to changes in land use, vector control and local climate. This study attempts to expand the current knowledge of the distribution of common Anopheles species in Ecuador, with particular attention to highland regions (> 500 m) of the Andes.
methodsExtensive field collections of larvae were undertaken in 2008, 2009 and 2010 throughout all regions of Ecuador (except the lower-altitude Amazonian plain) and compared to historical distribution maps reproduced from the 1940s. Larvae were identified using both a morphological key and sequencing of the 800 bp region of the CO1 mitochondrial gene. In addition, spatial statistics (Getis-Ord Hotspot Analysis: Gi*) were used to determine high and low-density clusters of each species in Ecuador.
resultsDistributions have been updated for five species of Anopheles in Ecuador: Anopheles albimanus, Anopheles pseudopunctipennis, Anopheles punctimacula, Anopheles eiseni and Anopheles oswaldoi s.l.. Historical maps indicate that An. pseudopunctipennis used to be widespread in highland Andean valleys, while other species were completely restricted to lowland areas. By comparison, updated maps for the other four collected species show higher maximum elevations and/or more widespread distributions in highland regions than previously recorded. Gi* analysis determined some highland hot spots for An. albimanus, but only cold spots for all other species.
conclusionsThis study documents the establishment of multiple anopheline species in high altitude regions of Ecuador, often in areas where malaria eradication programs are not focused.
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