ReviewCurrent allergy and asthma reports2011
Breastfeeding and otitis media: a review of recent evidence.
Review in Current allergy and asthma reports, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Influence of potentially harmful sucking habits on otitis media in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Brazilian oral research · 2025Pooled it
- Breastfeeding Behaviors and Maternal Interaction Quality in a Low-Income, Ethnic Minority Population.Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP · 2020Trial
- An exploratory analysis of the associations of human milk oligosaccharides and N-/O-glycans with infectious and allergic outcomes in the first year of life: the Japanese Human Milk Study Cohort.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Perinatal exposures and upper respiratory tract microbiome composition are associated with age at first acute otitis media episode.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Associations of feeding and delivery modes with the risk of otitis media with effusion in children: A cross-sectional study.Medicine · 2025Observational
- Impact of Breastfeeding Duration on Adenoid Hypertrophy, Snoring and Acute Otitis Media: A Case-Control Study in Preschool Children.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Analysis of factors that influence the occurrence of otitis media with effusion in pediatric patients with adenoid hypertrophy.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
- Breastfeeding initiation and duration and acute otitis media among children less than two years of age in Jordan: results from a case-control study.BMC pediatrics · 2022Article
- A study of knowledge, attitude and practices about otitis media in parents in Navi-Mumbai.Journal of otology · 2021Article
- Prevalence and Predictor of Exclusive Breastfeeding among Mothers of 0 to 6 months Infants from Pastoralists and Hunters' Community in Tanzania; A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study.The East African health research journal · 2021Article
- Perceptions and experiences of nurse managers of the implementation of the baby and mother friendly initiative in Namibia: a qualitative study.International breastfeeding journal · 2020Article
- Risk Factors for Otitis Media in Children Referred to Abuzar Hospital in Ahvaz: A Case-Control Study.Cureus · 2020Article
- Maxillary arch dimensions in the first 6 months of life and their relationship with pacifier use.European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry · 2020Article
- Genomics of Otitis Media (OM): Molecular Genetics Approaches to Characterize Disease Pathophysiology.Frontiers in genetics · 2020Review
- Article
- Metabolomic Insights into the Effects of Breast Milk Versus Formula Milk Feeding in Infants.Current nutrition reports · 2019Review
- Observational
- Relationship Between Exclusive Breastfeeding and Lower Risk of Childhood Obesity: A Narrative Review of Published Evidence.Clinical medicine insights. Pediatrics · 2017Review
- Maternal experiences with and sources of information on galactagogues to support lactation: a cross-sectional study.International journal of women's health · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human milk provides infants with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory agents that contribute to optimal immune system function. The act of breastfeeding allows important bacterial and hormonal interactions between the mother and baby and impacts the mouth, tongue, swallow, and eustachian tubes. Previous meta-analyses have shown that lack of breastfeeding and less intensive patterns of breastfeeding are associated with increased risk of acute otitis media, one of the most common infections of childhood. A review of epidemiologic studies indicates that the introduction of infant formula in the first 6 months of life is associated with increased incidence of acute otitis media in early-childhood. More recent research raises the issues of how long this increased risk persists, and whether lack of breastfeeding is associated with diagnosis of otitis media with effusion. However, many studies suffer from lack of study of younger populations and imprecise definitions of infant feeding patterns. These findings suggest that measures of the association between breastfeeding history and otitis media risk are sensitive to the definition of breastfeeding used; future research is needed with more precise and consistent definitions of feeding, with attention to distinctions between direct breastfeeding and human milk feeding by bottle.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.