ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2011
New concepts in immunity to Neisseria gonorrhoeae: innate responses and suppression of adaptive immunity favor the pathogen, not the host.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.
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Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Preclinical Evaluation of a Microneedle-Delivered Adjuvanted Microparticulate Gonorrhea Vaccine in Non-Human Primates.Vaccines · 2026Article
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- A novel GMMA-based gonococcal vaccine demonstrates functional immune responses in mice.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Rethinking concepts of virulence with Neisseria gonorrhoeae.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- Investigating the importance of selected surface-exposed loops in HpuB for hemoglobin binding and utilization byInfection and immunity · 2024Article
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- Characterization of protective immune responses againstHeliyon · 2024Article
- Current alternative therapies for treating drug-resistantFuture microbiology · 2024Review
- Characterization ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Vertebrate and Invertebrate Animal and New In Vitro Models for StudyingPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Rethinking Screening Intensity in Terms of Reducing Prevalence or Increasing Selection Pressure for the Emergence of Resistant Gonorrhea: A Modeling Study of Men Who Have Sex With Men in Belgium.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae co-opts C4b-binding protein to enhance complement-independent survival from neutrophils.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infection in Women Increases With Rising Gonococcal Burdens in Partners: Chlamydia Coinfection in Women Increases Gonococcal Burden.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Point Mutations in TbpA Abrogate Human Transferrin Binding in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.Infection and immunity · 2022Article
- Article
- Stealthy microbes: HowFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Recent Progress Towards a Gonococcal Vaccine.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae subverts formin-dependent actin polymerization to colonize human macrophages.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
It is well-known that gonorrhea can be acquired repeatedly with no apparent development of protective immunity arising from previous episodes of infection. Symptomatic infection is characterized by a purulent exudate, but the host response mechanisms are poorly understood. While the remarkable antigenic variability displayed by Neisseria gonorrhoeae and its capacity to inhibit complement activation allow it to evade destruction by the host's immune defenses, we propose that it also has the capacity to avoid inducing specific immune responses. In a mouse model of vaginal gonococcal infection, N. gonorrhoeae elicits Th17-driven inflammatory-immune responses, which recruit innate defense mechanisms including an influx of neutrophils. Concomitantly, N. gonorrhoeae suppresses Th1- and Th2-dependent adaptive immunity, including specific antibody responses, through a mechanism involving TGF-β and regulatory T cells. Blockade of TGF-β alleviates the suppression of specific anti-gonococcal responses and allows Th1 and Th2 responses to emerge with the generation of immune memory and protective immunity. Genital tract tissues are naturally rich in TGF-β, which fosters an immunosuppressive environment that is important in reproduction. In exploiting this niche, N. gonorrhoeae exemplifies a well-adapted pathogen that proactively elicits from its host innate responses that it can survive and concomitantly suppresses adaptive immunity. Comprehension of these mechanisms of gonococcal pathogenesis should allow the development of novel approaches to therapy and facilitate the development of an effective vaccine.
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