Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21832937›Full record

ArticleAIDS (London, England)2011

Switching between raltegravir resistance pathways analyzed by deep sequencing.

Rithun Mukherjee, Shane T Jensen, Frances Male, Kyle Bittinger, Richard L Hodinka, Michael D Miller, Frederic D Bushman

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in AIDS (London, England), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed
3.8field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.

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  14. Clinical implications of HIV-1 minority variants.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2013
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  17. Viral quasispecies evolution.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2012
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Rithun MukherjeeDepartment of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, USA.
Shane T Jensen
Frances Male
Kyle Bittinger
Richard L Hodinka
Michael D Miller
Frederic D Bushman
University of Pennsylvania · USChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia · US

Funding

Favored Sites for HIV Integration in the Human GenomeR01AI052845 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI BUSHMAN, FREDERIC D · 2002 to 2017
$5.6M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI052845
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveOur objective was to analyze the pathways leading to resistance of HIV to the integrase (IN) inhibitor raltegravir (RAL).

designThree HIV-infected individuals exhibiting RAL resistance pathway switching were characterized using longitudinal analysis of viral samples from plasma.

methods454/Roche pyrosequencing was used to generate approximately 74,000 sequence reads from the integrase coding region. Effects of error were controlled by denoising with Pyronoise, and by comparison to approximately 142,000 control reads from HIV(NL4-3). Viral lineages were modeled quantitatively using viral serial pathway analysis (vSPA).

resultsAll three patients showed transitions from the N155H pathway to the Q148H/G140S pathway. Analysis with vSPA revealed complex pathways to the final genotype, probably involving both de-novo mutation and recombination. No reads contained both the N155H and Q148H drug resistance mutations (DRMs), indicating that the double mutant is not a prominent intermediate, consistent with low fitness. To characterize possible drug-resistant variants circulating prior to therapy, we sequenced approximately 70,000 reads from samples collected prior to initiating treatment. Although some preexisting drug-resistant variants were detected, N155H, the first major DRM present after initiating RAL therapy, was not detected.

conclusionThe main DRMs are present at very low levels if at all prior to initiating therapy. We also outline general methods for deep sequence analysis of DRMs in longitudinal HIV samples.

Indexed as

High-Throughput Nucleotide SequencingAlgorithmsDrug Resistance, ViralFemaleGenotypeHIV-1HIV InfectionsHIV Integrase InhibitorsHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMutation, MissensePyrrolidinonesRaltegravir PotassiumSequence Analysis, RNAHIV Integrase InhibitorsPyrrolidinonesRaltegravir Potassium

Identifiers

PMID21832937
PMCPMC3368328
OpenAlexW2087248724

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.