SynthesisThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2011
Metformin and/or clomiphene do not adversely affect liver or renal function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Synthesis in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effect of Weight Loss Medications on Hepatic Steatosis and Steatohepatitis: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Pooled it
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2017Pooled it
- A Mendelian Randomization Study of the Association Between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Serum Urea Levels.International journal of women's health · 2025Article
- Metformin in therapeutic applications in human diseases: its mechanism of action and clinical study.Molecular biomedicine · 2022Review
- Effects of metabolic abnormalities, hyperandrogenemia and clomiphene on liver function parameters among Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: results from a randomized controlled trial.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
contextNonalcoholic fatty liver disease is common to insulin-resistant states such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Metformin (MET) is often used to treat PCOS but information is limited as to its effects on liver function.
objectiveWe sought to determine the effects of MET on serum hepatic parameters in PCOS patients.
designThis was a secondary analysis of a randomized, doubled-blind trial from 2002-2004.
settingThis multi-center clinical trial was conducted in academic centers. PATIENTS: Six hundred twenty-six infertile women with PCOS with serum liver function parameters less than twice the upper limit of normal were included.
interventionsClomiphene citrate (n = 209), MET (n = 208), or combined (n = 209) were given for up to 6 months.
main outcome measureThe percent change from baseline in renal and liver function between- and within-treatment arms was assessed.
resultsRenal function improved in all treatment arms with significant decreases in serum blood urea nitrogen levels (range, -14.7 to -21.3%) as well as creatinine (-4.2 to -6.9%). There were similar decreases in liver transaminase levels in the clomiphene citrate and combined arms (-10% in bilirubin, -9 to -11% in transaminases) without significant changes in the MET arm. When categorizing baseline bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase into tertiles, there were significant within-treatment arm differences between the tertiles with the highest tertile having the largest decrease from baseline regardless of treatment arm.
conclusionWomen with PCOS can safely use metformin and clomiphene even in the setting of mildly abnormal liver function parameters, and both result in improved renal function.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.