Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21832053›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry2011

Dynamin inhibition blocks botulinum neurotoxin type A endocytosis in neurons and delays botulism.

Callista B Harper, Sally Martin, Tam H Nguyen, Shari J Daniels, Nickolas A Lavidis, Michel R Popoff, Gordana Hadzic, Anna Mariana, Ngoc Chau, Adam McCluskey and 2 more

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 85 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
85citing papers in PubMed
9.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

85 citing papers in PubMed, 157 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
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  5. Transcytosis of LDL Across Arterial Endothelium: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2025
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  6. Extensive location bias of the GPCR-dependent translatome via site-selective activation of mTOR.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  7. Review
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  9. Article
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  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Small molecules targeting endocytic uptake and recycling pathways.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023
    Review
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article

25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Callista B HarperQueensland Brain Institute, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
Sally MartinQueensland Brain Institute, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
Tam H NguyenQueensland Brain Institute, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
Shari J DanielsQueensland Brain Institute, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
Nickolas A LavidisSchool of Biomedical Sciences, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
Michel R PopoffUnité des Bactéries anaérobies et Toxines, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris cedex, France.
Gordana HadzicCentre for Chemical Biology, Chemistry Building, the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia.
Anna MarianaChildren's Medical Research Institute, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia.
Ngoc ChauChildren's Medical Research Institute, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia.
Adam McCluskeyCentre for Chemical Biology, Chemistry Building, the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia.
Phillip J RobinsonChildren's Medical Research Institute, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia.
Frederic A MeunierQueensland Brain Institute, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia. Electronic address: f.meunier@uq.edu.au.
University of Queensland · AUUniversity of Newcastle Australia · AUUniversity of Sydney · AUChildren's Medical Research Institute · AUInstitut Pasteur · FR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are di-chain bacterial proteins responsible for the paralytic disease botulism. Following binding to the plasma membrane of cholinergic motor nerve terminals, BoNTs are internalized into an endocytic compartment. Although several endocytic pathways have been characterized in neurons, the molecular mechanism underpinning the uptake of BoNTs at the presynaptic nerve terminal is still unclear. Here, a recombinant BoNT/A heavy chain binding domain (Hc) was used to unravel the internalization pathway by fluorescence and electron microscopy. BoNT/A-Hc initially enters cultured hippocampal neurons in an activity-dependent manner into synaptic vesicles and clathrin-coated vesicles before also entering endosomal structures and multivesicular bodies. We found that inhibiting dynamin with the novel potent Dynasore analog, Dyngo-4a(TM), was sufficient to abolish BoNT/A-Hc internalization and BoNT/A-induced SNAP25 cleavage in hippocampal neurons. Dyngo-4a also interfered with BoNT/A-Hc internalization into motor nerve terminals. Furthermore, Dyngo-4a afforded protection against BoNT/A-induced paralysis at the rat hemidiaphragm. A significant delay of >30% in the onset of botulism was observed in mice injected with Dyngo-4a. Dynamin inhibition therefore provides a therapeutic avenue for the treatment of botulism and other diseases caused by pathogens sharing dynamin-dependent uptake mechanisms.

Indexed as

AnimalsBotulinum Toxins, Type ABotulismCells, CulturedClathrin-Coated VesiclesDynaminsEndocytosisHippocampusHydrazonesMiceNaphtholsNeuronsNeurotoxinsRatsSynaptic VesiclesBotulinum Toxins, Type ADynaminsdyngo-4aHydrazonesN'-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-3-hydroxy-2-naphthahydrazideNaphtholsNeurotoxins

Identifiers

PMID21832053
PMCPMC3195592
OpenAlexW2000531537

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.