Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21831992›Full record

SynthesisThe American journal of clinical nutrition2011

Red meat consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: 3 cohorts of US adults and an updated meta-analysis.

An Pan, Qi Sun, Adam M Bernstein, Matthias B Schulze, JoAnn E Manson, Walter C Willett, Frank B Hu

Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract readMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03999632 (Effects of Aquatic Plant Protein Source Wolffia Globosa), which is not on this map. Cited by 339 papers, 21 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
339citing papers in PubMed, 21 pooled it
39.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03999632 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2019, after this paper: background citation

Effects of Aquatic Plant Protein Source Wolffia Globosa (Mankai) on Weight Loss, Cardiometabolic State, and Patient's Satisfaction During the Preoperative Dietary Intervention Period in Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery.

TypeinterventionalSponsorCleveland Clinic FloridaRan2019 to 2020Enrolled3ConditionsBariatric Surgery Candidate, Diet ModificationArmsDietary modification with introduction of Mankai
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

339 citing papers in PubMed, 21 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 697 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. Pooled it
  9. Pooled it
  10. Guideline
  11. Pooled it
  12. Pooled it
  13. Pooled it
  14. Pooled it
  15. Pooled it
  16. Pooled it
  17. Pooled it
  18. Pooled it
  19. Pooled it
  20. Pooled it

279 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

An PanDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Qi Sun
Adam M Bernstein
Matthias B Schulze
JoAnn E Manson
Walter C Willett
Frank B Hu
Boston University · USHarvard University · USHarvard University Press · US

Funding

Statistical MethodsP01CA087969 · NCI · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI ELIASSEN, A. HEATHER, TAMIMI, RULLA M · 2000 to 2019
$77.8M
Risk Factors for Breast Cancer in Younger NursesR01CA050385 · NCI · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (SCH OF PUBLIC HLTH) · PI ELIASSEN, A. HEATHER, WILLETT, WALTER C. · 1989 to 2019
$32.3M
BIOCHEMICAL AND GENETIC MARKERS OF TYPE 2 DIABETES RISKR01DK058845 · NIDDK · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI HU, FRANK B · 2001 to 2013
$7.8M
Novel Adipokines and Coronary Heart Disease in U.S. Men and Women with DiabetesK99HL098459 · NHLBI · HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI SUN, QI · 2010 to 2011
$189k
NCI NIH HHS CA50385NCI NIH HHS CA55075NCI NIH HHS CA87969NHLBI NIH HHS K99 HL098459NHLBI NIH HHS K99HL098459NIDDK NIH HHS DK58845
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe relation between consumption of different types of red meats and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains uncertain.

objectiveWe evaluated the association between unprocessed and processed red meat consumption and incident T2D in US adults.

designWe followed 37,083 men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986-2006), 79,570 women in the Nurses' Health Study I (1980-2008), and 87,504 women in the Nurses' Health Study II (1991-2005). Diet was assessed by validated food-frequency questionnaires, and data were updated every 4 y. Incident T2D was confirmed by a validated supplementary questionnaire.

resultsDuring 4,033,322 person-years of follow-up, we documented 13,759 incident T2D cases. After adjustment for age, BMI, and other lifestyle and dietary risk factors, both unprocessed and processed red meat intakes were positively associated with T2D risk in each cohort (all P-trend <0.001). The pooled HRs (95% CIs) for a one serving/d increase in unprocessed, processed, and total red meat consumption were 1.12 (1.08, 1.16), 1.32 (1.25, 1.40), and 1.14 (1.10, 1.18), respectively. The results were confirmed by a meta-analysis (442,101 participants and 28,228 diabetes cases): the RRs (95% CIs) were 1.19 (1.04, 1.37) and 1.51 (1.25, 1.83) for 100 g unprocessed red meat/d and for 50 g processed red meat/d, respectively. We estimated that substitutions of one serving of nuts, low-fat dairy, and whole grains per day for one serving of red meat per day were associated with a 16-35% lower risk of T2D.

conclusionOur results suggest that red meat consumption, particularly processed red meat, is associated with an increased risk of T2D.

Indexed as

AdultAgedCohort StudiesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2DietFemaleFollow-Up StudiesFood HandlingHumansIncidenceMaleMeatMiddle AgedProspective StudiesReproducibility of ResultsRisk

Identifiers

PMID21831992
PMCPMC3173026
OpenAlexW1995856488

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.