ArticleJournal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR2011
Statin-induced apoptosis via the suppression of ERK1/2 and Akt activation by inhibition of the geranylgeranyl-pyrophosphate biosynthesis in glioblastoma.
Article in Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 125 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Whether statin use improves the survival of patients with glioblastoma?: A meta-analysis.Medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Skeletal muscle-specific deficiency of Rab geranylgeranyl transferase beta subunit induces myopathy and exacerbates the symptoms caused by HMG-CoA reductase deficiency in mice.Molecular metabolism · 2026Article
- Prime time for the use of statins in MPNs: from comorbidity drugs to disease-modifying partners.Blood advances · 2026Review
- Overcoming Chemoresistance in Glioblastoma: Mechanisms, Therapeutic Strategies, and Functional Precision Medicine.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of statins on bone metabolism: an evolving paradigm of statins delivery modalities for bone regeneration.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2025Review
- Emerging therapeutic strategies in glioblastsoma: drug repurposing, mechanisms of resistance, precision medicine, and technological innovations.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Lipid metabolism: the potential therapeutic targets in glioblastoma.Cell death discovery · 2025Review
- Enhanced Intranasal Delivery of Atorvastatin via Superparamagnetic Iron-Oxide-Loaded Nanocarriers: Cytotoxicity and Inflammation Evaluation and In Vivo, In Silico, and Network Pharmacology Study for Targeting Glioblastoma Management.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Statins as Secondary Preventive Agent to Limit Breast Cancer Metastatic Outgrowth.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Therapeutic Potential of Simvastatin: Cellular Mechanism, Binding Energetics, and Resistance Developments.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Glioblastoma Therapy: Past, Present and Future.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The role of statins in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: protective or not?Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Review
- Glioblastoma Metabolism: Insights and Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling prevents bone marrow fibrosis by reducing osteopontin plasma levels in a myelofibrosis mouse model.Leukemia · 2023Article
- Statins enhances antitumor effect of oxaliplatin in KRAS-mutated colorectal cancer cells and inhibits oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy.Cancer cell international · 2023Article
- Statins Show Anti-Atherosclerotic Effects by Improving Endothelial Cell Function in a Kawasaki Disease-like Vasculitis Mouse Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Article
- Fluvastatin promotes chondrogenic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells by inducing bone morphogenetic protein 2.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2022Article
- Molecular targets of statins and their potential side effects: Not all the glitter is gold.European journal of pharmacology · 2022Review
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundStatins are inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis. The inhibition of this key enzyme in the mevalonate pathway leads to suppression of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis. However, the molecular mechanism of apoptosis induction by statins is not well understood in glioblastoma. In the present study, we attempted to elucidate the mechanism by which statins induce apoptosis in C6 glioma cells.
methodsThe cytotoxicity of statins toward the C6 glioma cells were evaluated using a cell viability assay. The enzyme activity of caspase-3 was determined using activity assay kits. The effects of statins on signal transduction molecules were determined by western blot analyses.
resultsWe found that statins inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in these cells. We also observed an increase in caspase-3 activity. The apoptosis induced by statins was not inhibited by the addition of farnesyl pyrophosphate, squalene, ubiquinone, and isopentenyladenine, but by geranylgeranyl-pyrophosphate (GGPP). Furthermore, statins decreased the levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and Akt.
conclusionsThese results suggest that statins induce apoptosis when GGPP biosynthesis is inhibited and consequently decreases the level of phosphorylated ERK1/2 and Akt. The results of this study also indicate that statins could be used as anticancer agents in glioblastoma.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.