Trial reportAnalytical and bioanalytical chemistry2011
Analysis of the flame retardant metabolites bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCPP) and diphenyl phosphate (DPP) in urine using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
Trial report in Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 168 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Epigenome-wide association analysis of prenatal organophosphate ester flame retardant exposure in maternal blood implicates maternal immune and neuronal epigenetic alterations.Environment international · 2026Article
- Gestational exposure to organophosphate ester flame retardants and child growth in weight, height, and body mass index at age 2-10 years: the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes Program.Environmental research · 2026Article
- Developmental neurotoxicity of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs): risks to human health and ecosystems.Archives of toxicology · 2025Review
- Silicone Ankle Bands as a Tool to Assess Infant Exposures to Semivolatile Organic Chemicals in Indoor Environments.Environmental science & technology letters · 2025Article
- Molecular Insights into the Binding of Organophosphate Flame Retardant Key Metabolites with Mineralocorticoid and Estrogen Receptors.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Association of joint exposure to organophosphorus flame retardants and phthalate acid esters with gestational diabetes mellitus: a nested case-control study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Article
- Environmental exposures to organophosphorus flame retardants in early pregnancy and risks of gestational diabetes mellitus: a nested case-control study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Organophosphate Triesters and Their Transformation Products in Sediments of Mangrove Wetlands in the Beibu Gulf, South China Sea.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Prenatal exposures to organophosphate ester metabolites and early motor development in the MADRES cohort.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2024Article
- Tris(1,3-dichloropropyl) phosphate - Determination of bis(1,3-dichloropropyl) phosphate in urine by LC-APCI-ESI-MS/MS: Biomonitoring Method - Translation of the German version from 2024.The MAK collection for occupational health and safety · 2024Article
- Article
- Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate is a metabolism-disrupting chemical in male mice.Toxicology letters · 2023Article
- Inter-method reliability of silicone exposome wristbands and urinary biomarker assays in a pregnancy cohort.Environmental research · 2022Article
- Computational Insight into Biotransformation Profiles of Organophosphorus Flame Retardants to Their Diester Metabolites by Cytochrome P450.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Comparative Assessment of Pesticide Exposures in Domestic Dogs and Their Owners Using Silicone Passive Samplers and Biomonitoring.Environmental science & technology · 2022Article
- Article
- Monitoring Human Exposure to Organophosphate Esters: Comparing Silicone Wristbands with Spot Urine Samples as Predictors of Internal Dose.Environmental science & technology letters · 2021Article
- Flame retardants and neurodevelopment: An updated review of epidemiological literature.Current epidemiology reports · 2020Article
- Effects of Prenatal Exposure to a Mixture of Organophosphate Flame Retardants on Placental Gene Expression and Serotonergic Innervation in the Fetal Rat Brain.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2020Article
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Organophosphate triesters tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) and triphenyl phosphate are widely used flame retardants (FRs) present in many products common to human environments, yet understanding of human exposure and health effects of these compounds is limited. Monitoring urinary metabolites as biomarkers of exposure can be a valuable aid for improving this understanding; however, no previously published method exists for the analysis of the primary TDCPP metabolite, bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCPP), in human urine. Here, we present a method to extract the metabolites BDCPP and diphenyl phosphate (DPP) in human urine using mixed-mode anion exchange solid phase extraction and mass-labeled internal standards with analysis by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The method detection limit was 8 pg mL(-1) urine for BDCPP and 204 pg mL(-1) for DPP. Recoveries of analytes spiked into urine ranged from 82 ± 10% to 91 ± 4% for BDCPP and from 72 ± 12% to 76 ± 8% for DPP. Analysis of a small number of urine samples (n=9) randomly collected from non-occupationally exposed adults revealed the presence of both BDCPP and DPP in all samples. Non-normalized urinary concentrations ranged from 46-1,662 pg BDCPP mL(-1) to 287-7,443 pg DPP mL(-1), with geometric means of 147 pg BDCPP mL(-1) and 1,074 pg DPP mL(-1). Levels of DPP were higher than those of BDCPP in 89% of samples. The presented method is simple and sufficiently sensitive to detect these FR metabolites in humans and may be applied to future studies to increase our understanding of exposure to and potential health effects from FRs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.