ArticlePloS one2011
Pregnancy and virologic response to antiretroviral therapy in South Africa.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Representation of women and pregnant women in HIV research: a limited systematic review.PloS one · 2013Pooled it
- Incident pregnancy and time to death or AIDS among HIV-positive women receiving antiretroviral therapy.PloS one · 2013Trial
- Virological Outcomes Among Pregnant Women Receiving Antiretroviral Treatment in the Amhara Region, North West Ethiopia.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Article
- Small area analysis of HIV viral load suppression patterns in a high priority district (2012-2016), South Africa.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Correlates of HIV detection among breastfeeding postpartum Kenyan women eligible under Option B.PloS one · 2019Article
- Viraemia before, during and after pregnancy in HIV-infected women on antiretroviral therapy in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, 2010-2015.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2018Article
- Timing of pregnancy, postpartum risk of virologic failure and loss to follow-up among HIV-positive women.AIDS (London, England) · 2017Article
- Factors associated with time to achieve an undetectable HIV RNA viral load after start of antiretroviral treatment in HIV-1-infected pregnant women.Journal of virus eradication · 2017Article
- Effect of Pregnancy on Response to Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Infected African Women.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2017Article
- Article
- Comparison of pharmacy-based measures of adherence to antiretroviral therapy as predictors of virological failure.AIDS and behavior · 2015Article
- Incidence of pregnancy after antiretroviral therapy initiation and associated factors in 8 West African countries.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2014Article
- From exposures to population interventions: pregnancy and response to HIV therapy.American journal of epidemiology · 2014Article
- Temporal association between incident tuberculosis and poor virological outcomes in a South African antiretroviral treatment service.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2013Article
- Cohort profile: the Themba Lethu Clinical Cohort, Johannesburg, South Africa.International journal of epidemiology · 2013Article
- Effect of injectable contraceptive use on response to antiretroviral therapy among women in Rakai, Uganda.Contraception · 2012Article
- Prevalent pregnancy, biological sex, and virologic response to antiretroviral therapy.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2012Article
- Incidence of pregnancy after initiation of antiretroviral therapy in South Africa: a retrospective clinical cohort analysis.Infectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlthough women of reproductive age are the largest group of HIV-infected individuals in sub-Saharan Africa, little is known about the impact of pregnancy on response to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in that setting. We examined the effect of incident pregnancy after HAART initiation on virologic response to HAART. METHODS AND
findingsWe evaluated a prospective clinical cohort of adult women who initiated HAART in Johannesburg, South Africa between 1 April 2004 and 30 September 2009, and followed up until an event, death, transfer, drop-out, or administrative end of follow-up on 31 March 2010. Women over age 45 and women who were pregnant at HAART initiation were excluded from the study; final sample size for analysis was 5,494 women. Main exposure was incident pregnancy, experienced by 541 women; main outcome was virologic failure, defined as a failure to suppress virus to ≤ 400 copies/ml by six months or virologic rebound >400 copies/ml thereafter. We calculated adjusted hazard ratios using marginal structural Cox proportional hazards models and weighted lifetable analysis to calculate adjusted five-year risk differences. The weighted hazard ratio for the effect of pregnancy on time to virologic failure was 1.34 (95% confidence limit [CL] 1.02, 1.78). Sensitivity analyses generally confirmed these main results.
conclusionsIncident pregnancy after HAART initiation was associated with modest increases in both relative and absolute risks of virologic failure, although uncontrolled confounding cannot be ruled out. Nonetheless, these results reinforce that family planning is an essential part of care for HIV-positive women in sub-Saharan Africa. More work is needed to confirm these findings and to explore specific etiologic pathways by which such effects may operate.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.