Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21828312›Full record

ArticleCirculation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology2011

Stimulating cardiac muscle by light: cardiac optogenetics by cell delivery.

Zhiheng Jia, Virginijus Valiunas, Zongju Lu, Harold Bien, Huilin Liu, Hong-Zhang Wang, Barbara Rosati, Peter R Brink, Ira S Cohen, Emilia Entcheva

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 111 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
111citing papers in PubMed
5.1field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

111 citing papers in PubMed, 206 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
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  5. Complementary biomolecular coassemblies direct energy transport for cardiac photostimulators.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
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  7. Monitoring and modulating cardiac bioelectricity: from Einthoven to end-user.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2024
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Optical mapping and optogenetics in cardiac electrophysiology research and therapy: a state-of-the-art review.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2024
    Review
  10. Cardiac optogenetics: shining light on signaling pathways.Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology · 2023
    Review
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51 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Zhiheng JiaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8181, USA.
Virginijus Valiunas
Zongju Lu
Harold Bien
Huilin Liu
Hong-Zhang Wang
Barbara Rosati
Peter R Brink
Ira S Cohen
Emilia Entcheva
Stony Brook University · US

Funding

System Biology Center in New YorkP50GM071558 · NIGMS · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI ZAPH, SUSANA NEVES · 2007 to 2017
$22.8M
MEDICAL SCIENTIST TRAINING PROGRAMT32GM008444 · NIGMS · STATE UNIVERSITY NEW YORK STONY BROOK · PI FROHMAN, MICHAEL A. · 1992 to 2024
$12.6M
Novel ion channel approaches to reentrant arrythymiasR01HL094410 · NHLBI · STATE UNIVERSITY NEW YORK STONY BROOK · PI COHEN, IRA S · 2009 to 2013
$3.8M
MicroRNA permeability of connexin mutants related to genetic diseaseR01GM088181 · NIGMS · STATE UNIVERSITY NEW YORK STONY BROOK · PI VALIUNAS, VIRGINIJUS · 2011 to 2020
$2.8M
Cardiac Optogenetics: A Cell Delivery ApproachR01HL111649 · NHLBI · STATE UNIVERSITY NEW YORK STONY BROOK · PI ENTCHEVA, EMILIA · 2012 to 2016
$2.4M
NHLBI NIH HHS HL094410NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL094410NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL111649NIGMS NIH HHS GM071558NIGMS NIH HHS P50 GM071558NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM088181NIGMS NIH HHS R01GM088181NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM008444
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAfter the recent cloning of light-sensitive ion channels and their expression in mammalian cells, a new field, optogenetics, emerged in neuroscience, allowing for precise perturbations of neural circuits by light. However, functionality of optogenetic tools has not been fully explored outside neuroscience, and a nonviral, nonembryogenesis-based strategy for optogenetics has not been shown before. METHODS AND

resultsWe demonstrate the utility of optogenetics to cardiac muscle by a tandem cell unit (TCU) strategy, in which nonexcitable cells carry exogenous light-sensitive ion channels, and, when electrically coupled to cardiomyocytes, produce optically excitable heart tissue. A stable channelrhodopsin2 (ChR2)-expressing cell line was developed, characterized, and used as a cell delivery system. The TCU strategy was validated in vitro in cell pairs with adult canine myocytes (for a wide range of coupling strengths) and in cardiac syncytium with neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. For the first time, we combined optical excitation and optical imaging to capture light-triggered muscle contractions and high-resolution propagation maps of light-triggered electric waves, found to be quantitatively indistinguishable from electrically triggered waves.

conclusionsOur results demonstrate feasibility to control excitation and contraction in cardiac muscle by light, using the TCU approach. Optical pacing in this case uses less energy, offers superior spatiotemporal control and remote access and can serve not only as an elegant tool in arrhythmia research but may form the basis for a new generation of light-driven cardiac pacemakers and muscle actuators. The TCU strategy is extendable to (nonviral) stem cell therapy and is directly relevant to in vivo applications.

Indexed as

LightAnimalsCell- and Tissue-Based TherapyCell CommunicationChannelrhodopsinsCoculture TechniquesDogsElectric StimulationFeasibility StudiesHEK293 CellsHumansKidneyMuscle ContractionMyocytes, CardiacNerve Tissue ProteinsPatch-Clamp TechniquesChannelrhodopsinsNerve Tissue Proteins

Identifiers

PMID21828312
PMCPMC3209525
OpenAlexW2116744112

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.