ArticleBMC infectious diseases2011
Anemia and iron homeostasis in a cohort of HIV-infected patients in Indonesia.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and risk factors of anemia among people living with HIV/AIDS in Southeast Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Anemia, Iron Status, and HIV: A Systematic Review of the Evidence.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Pooled it
- Prevalence and determinants of anemia among people living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy in public health facilities in Jigjiga, Ethiopia.AIDS research and therapy · 2026Article
- Immuno-Hematological Profiles of HIV-Positive Patients Stratified by CD4Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Severity and Determinants of Anemia in TB/HIV Coinfected Adults at Mekelle, Ethiopia: Hospital Based Retrospective Study.Journal of tropical medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Predictors of Mortality Among Adult HIV-Infected Patients Taking Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in Harari Hospitals, Ethiopia.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Article
- Impaired Hematological Status Increases the Risk of Mortality among HIV-Infected Adults Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy in Tanzania.The Journal of nutrition · 2020Article
- Ferritin: An Inflammatory Player Keeping Iron at the Core of Pathogen-Host Interactions.Microorganisms · 2020Review
- Anemia in HIV/AIDS Patients on Antiretroviral Treatment at Ayder Specialized Hospital, Mekele, Ethiopia: A Case-Control Study.Journal of blood medicine · 2020Article
- Article
- Prevalence and risk factors of anaemia in hospitalised HIV-infected patients in southeast China: a retrospective study.Epidemiology and infection · 2019Article
- Impaired Hematologic Status in Relation to Clinical Outcomes among HIV-Infected Adults from Uganda: A Prospective Cohort Study.Nutrients · 2018Article
- Hematological abnormalities in HIV-antiretroviral therapy naïve clients as seen at an immune suppression syndrome clinic at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, southwestern Uganda.Journal of blood medicine · 2018Article
- Anemia among adult HIV patients in Ethiopia: a hospital-based cross-sectional study.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2017Article
- Anaemia and Iron Homeostasis in a Cohort of HIV-Infected Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study in Ghana.AIDS research and treatment · 2016Article
- Distinct patterns of hepcidin and iron regulation during HIV-1, HBV, and HCV infections.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2014Article
- HIV-associated anemia after 96 weeks on therapy: determinants across age ranges in Uganda and Zimbabwe.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2014Article
- Coinfection with HIV-1 alleviates iron accumulation in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection.PloS one · 2014Article
- Asymptomatic cryptococcal antigenemia is associated with mortality among HIV-positive patients in Indonesia.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAnemia is a common clinical finding in HIV-infected patients and iron deficiency or redistribution may contribute to the development of low hemoglobin levels. Iron overload is associated with a poor prognosis in HIV and Hepatitis C virus infections. Iron redistribution may be caused by inflammation but possibly also by hepatitis C co-infection. We examined the prevalence of anemia and its relation to mortality in a cohort of HIV patients in a setting where injecting drug use (IDU) is a main mode of HIV transmission, and measured serum ferritin and sTfR, in relation to anemia, inflammation, stage of HIV disease, ART and HCV infection.
methodsPatient characteristics, ART history and iron parameters were recorded from adult HIV patients presenting between September 2007 and August 2009 in the referral hospital for West Java, Indonesia. Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox's regression were used to assess factors affecting survival. Logistic regression was used to identity parameters associated with high ferritin concentrations.
resultsAnemia was found in 49.6% of 611 ART-naïve patients, with mild (Hb 10.5 -12.99 g/dL for men; and 10.5-11.99 g/dL for women) anemia in 62.0%, and moderate to severe anemia (Hb < 10.5 g/dL) in 38.0%. Anemia remained an independent factor associated with death, also after adjustment for CD4 count and ART (p = 0.008). Seroprevalence of HCV did not differ in patients with (56.9%) or without anemia (59.6%). Serum ferritin concentrations were elevated, especially in patients with anemia (p = 0.07) and/or low CD4 counts (p < 0.001), and were not related to hsCRP or HCV infection. Soluble TfR concentrations were low and not related to Hb, CD4, hsCRP or ART.
conclusionHIV-associated anemia is common among HIV-infected patients in Indonesia and strongly related to mortality. High ferritin with low sTfR levels suggest that iron redistribution and low erythropoietic activity, rather than iron deficiency, contribute to anemia. Serum ferritin and sTfR should be used cautiously to assess iron status in patients with advanced HIV infection.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.