Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21827403›Full record

ReviewCurrent pharmaceutical design2011

Breast cancer resistance protein and P-glycoprotein in brain cancer: two gatekeepers team up.

Sagar Agarwal, Anika M S Hartz, William F Elmquist, Björn Bauer

Open access · bronzeAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Current pharmaceutical design, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 139 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
139citing papers in PubMed
9.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

139 citing papers in PubMed, 272 citations in OpenAlex.

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79 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Sagar AgarwalDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Anika M S Hartz
William F Elmquist
Björn Bauer
University of Minnesota · USPharmac · NZUniversity of Minnesota, Duluth · US

Funding

Improving Delivery of Molecularly-Targeted Therapy to Invasive Glioma CellsR01CA138437 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI ELMQUIST, WILLIAM, OHLFEST, JOHN R · 2010 to 2014
$1.5M
NCI NIH HHS CA138437NCI NIH HHS R01 CA138437
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Brain cancer is a devastating disease. Despite extensive research, treatment of brain tumors has been largely ineffective and the diagnosis of brain cancer remains uniformly fatal. Failure of brain cancer treatment may be in part due to limitations in drug delivery, influenced by the ABC drug efflux transporters P-gp and BCRP at the blood-brain and blood-tumor barriers, in brain tumor cells, as well as in brain tumor stem-like cells. P-gp and BCRP limit various anti-cancer drugs from entering the brain and tumor tissues, thus rendering chemotherapy ineffective. To overcome this obstacle, two strategies - targeting transporter regulation and direct transporter inhibition - have been proposed. In this review, we focus on these strategies. We first introduce the latest findings on signaling pathways that could potentially be targeted to down-regulate P-gp and BCRP expression and/or transport activity. We then highlight in detail the new paradigm of P-gp and BCRP working as a "cooperative team of gatekeepers" at the blood-brain barrier, discuss its ramifications for brain cancer therapy, and summarize the latest findings on dual P-gp/BCRP inhibitors. Finally, we provide a brief summary with conclusions and outline the perspectives for future research endeavors in this field.

Indexed as

AnimalsAntineoplastic AgentsATP-Binding Cassette TransportersATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2Blood-Brain BarrierBrain NeoplasmsDrug Delivery SystemsGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticHumansNeoplasm ProteinsSignal TransductionABCG2 protein, humanAntineoplastic AgentsATP-Binding Cassette TransportersATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2Neoplasm Proteins

Identifiers

PMID21827403
PMCPMC3269897
OpenAlexW2108147692

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.