ArticlePloS one2011
Host cytokine responses of pigeons infected with highly pathogenic Thai avian influenza viruses of subtype H5N1 isolated from wild birds.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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17 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular and pathological insights into gene expression and oxidative stress in Clinostomum complanatum and Euclinostomum heterostomum.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Pigeons exhibit low susceptibility and poor transmission capacity for H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b high pathogenicity avian influenza virus.The Journal of general virology · 2025Article
- Morphological characterization, histopathological alteration, and cytokine response of different tissues ofFrontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Phylogenetic position of the pigeon mite, Ornithonyssus sylviarum, with amplification of its immunogenetic biomarkers in Egypt.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Morphological and molecular characterization of Ascaridia columbae in the domestic pigeon (Columba livia domestica) and the assessment of its immunological responses.Poultry science · 2022Article
- Immune pathogenesis in pigeons during experimentalFrontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- Avian Toll-like receptor 3 isoforms and evaluation of Toll-like receptor 3-mediated immune responses using knockout quail fibroblast cells.Poultry science · 2020Article
- Investigation of Avian Influenza Viruses (H9N2-H5nx) in Pigeons during Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Outbreaks in Iran, in 2016.Archives of Razi Institute · 2020Article
- Host Innate Immune Response of Geese Infected with Clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses.Microorganisms · 2020Article
- Innate Immune Responses to Avian Influenza Viruses in Ducks and Chickens.Veterinary sciences · 2019Review
- Satellite telemetry tracks flyways of Asian Openbill storks in relation to H5N1 avian influenza spread and ecological change.BMC veterinary research · 2018Article
- Avian influenza.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2017Article
- The therapeutic effects of sodium cromoglycate against influenza A virus H5N1 in mice.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2016Article
- Host Avian Beta-Defensin and Toll-Like Receptor Responses of Pigeons following Infection with Pigeon Paramyxovirus Type 1.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2015Article
- Chicken MDA5 senses short double-stranded RNA with implications for antiviral response against avian influenza viruses in chicken.Journal of innate immunity · 2014Article
- The PA and HA gene-mediated high viral load and intense innate immune response in the brain contribute to the high pathogenicity of H5N1 avian influenza virus in mallard ducks.Journal of virology · 2013Article
- Innate sensing of viruses by pattern recognition receptors in birds.Veterinary research · 2013Review
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) of the H5N1 subtype has been reported to infect pigeons asymptomatically or induce mild symptoms. However, host immune responses of pigeons inoculated with HPAIVs have not been well documented. To assess host responses of pigeons against HPAIV infection, we compared lethality, viral distribution and mRNA expression of immune related genes of pigeons infected with two HPAIVs (A/Pigeon/Thailand/VSMU-7-NPT/2004; Pigeon04 and A/Tree sparrow/Ratchaburi/VSMU-16-RBR/2005; T.sparrow05) isolated from wild birds in Thailand. The survival experiment showed that 25% of pigeons died within 2 weeks after the inoculation of two HPAIVs or medium only, suggesting that these viruses did not cause lethal infection in pigeons. Pigeon04 replicated in the lungs more efficiently than T.sparrow05 and spread to multiple extrapulmonary organs such as the brain, spleen, liver, kidney and rectum on days 2, 5 and 9 post infection. No severe lesion was observed in the lungs infected with Pigeon04 as well as T.sparrow05 throughout the collection periods. Encephalitis was occasionally observed in Pigeon04- or T.sparrow05-infected brain, the severity, however was mostly mild. To analyze the expression of immune-related genes in the infected pigeons, we established a quantitative real-time PCR analysis for 14 genes of pigeons. On day 2 post infection, Pigeon04 induced mRNA expression of Mx1, PKR and OAS to a greater extent than T.sparrow05 in the lungs, however their expressions were not up-regulated concomitantly on day 5 post infection when the peak viral replication was observed. Expressions of TLR3, IFNα, IL6, IL8 and CCL5 in the lungs following infection with the two HPAIVs were low. In sum, Pigeon04 exhibited efficient replication in the lungs compared to T.sparrow05, but did not induce excessive host cytokine expressions. Our study has provided the first insight into host immune responses of pigeons against HPAIV infection.
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