ArticleLipids2011
Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid regulate modified LDL uptake and macropinocytosis in human macrophages.
Article in Lipids, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- EPA and DHA inhibit LDL-induced upregulation of human adipose tissue NLRP3 inflammasome/IL-1β pathway and its association with diabetes risk factors.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Gut dysbiosis induced by a high-salt diet aggravates atherosclerosis by increasing the absorption of saturated fatty acids in ApoE-deficient mice.Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition · 2025Article
- Unexpected omega-3 activities in intracellular lipolysis and macrophage foaming revealed by fluorescence lifetime imaging.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Atheroprotective Effect of Fucoidan in THP-1 Macrophages by Potential Upregulation of ABCA1.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects of pinolenic acid in rheumatoid arthritis.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2022Article
- Hepatic macrophage mediated immune response in liver steatosis driven carcinogenesis.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid inhibits several key cellular processes associated with atherosclerosis.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease · 2019Article
- Nutraceutical therapies for atherosclerosis.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2016Review
- Cytokines: roles in atherosclerosis disease progression and potential therapeutic targets.Future medicinal chemistry · 2016Review
- A Unique Combination of Nutritionally Active Ingredients Can Prevent Several Key Processes Associated with Atherosclerosis In Vitro.PloS one · 2016Article
- Article
- Lipid content in hepatic and gonadal adipose tissue parallel aortic cholesterol accumulation in mice fed diets with different omega-6 PUFA to EPA plus DHA ratios.Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2014Article
- Aortic cholesterol accumulation correlates with systemic inflammation but not hepatic and gonadal adipose tissue inflammation in low-density lipoprotein receptor null mice.Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.) · 2013Article
- Differential regulation of macropinocytosis in macrophages by cytokines: implications for foam cell formation and atherosclerosis.Cytokine · 2013Article
- The Effect of Unsaturated Fatty Acids on Molecular Markers of Cholesterol Homeostasis in THP-1 Macrophages.Iranian Red Crescent medical journal · 2013Article
- Compare the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid and oxidized low-density lipoprotein on the expression of CD36 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma.Iranian biomedical journal · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
There is evidence that long chain n-3 PUFA (such as from fish oils) provide atheroprotection through, in part, changes in macrophage function although it has not been fully determined whether these n-3 PUFA target cellular mechanisms that control macrophage foam cell formation. Therefore, we investigated whether the n-3 PUFA, EPA and DHA, modulate modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake by human macrophages. The uptake of fluorophore labeled acetylated LDL (AcLDL) and/or oxidized LDL (OxLDL) by THP-1 macrophages and primary human monocyte-derived macrophages were measured by flow cytometry following co-incubation with EPA or DHA in vitro. DHA inhibited both AcLDL and OxLDL uptake in human macrophages whilst EPA reduced AcLDL and increased OxLDL uptake. These effects were only partly explained by changes in the mRNA and protein expression of key scavenger receptors, such as CD36 and scavenger receptor-A, in these cells suggesting the involvement of a scavenger receptor-independent mechanism. EPA and DHA inhibited macropinocytosis, as measured by Lucifer Yellow uptake, in human macrophages and attenuated the expression of Syndecan-4, which has been implicated in the uptake of other modified forms of LDL. EPA and DHA reduced modified LDL uptake by human macrophages through a mechanism that is in part scavenger receptor-independent and may involve inhibition of macropinocytosis and Syndecan-4 expression. This suggests that both EPA and DHA are capable of regulating macrophage foam cell formation and adds to the evidence describing an atheroprotective role for n-3 PUFA, implicating them as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of clinical atherosclerosis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.