ArticleNature methods2011
Revealing off-target cleavage specificities of zinc-finger nucleases by in vitro selection.
Article in Nature methods, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 244 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
244 citing papers in PubMed, 453 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting mtDNA to Modulate Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Diseases.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- A buffer-tuning strategy to profile domain-specific activity of chimeric I-TevI/CRISPR gene editors in vitro.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Efficient Genome Editing Using the T2A-Coupled Co-Expression of Two ZFN Monomers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Genome editing strategies for targeted correction of β-globin mutation in sickle cell disease: From bench to bedside.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Review
- Genome Editing in Mouse Embryo Using the CRISPR/Cas12i3 System.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Genome Editing Approaches Using Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFNs) for the Treatment of Motor Neuron Diseases.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2025Review
- Allogeneic chimeric antigen receptor cell therapies for cancer: progress made and remaining roadblocks.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2025Review
- Allogeneic CART progress: platforms, current progress and limitations.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Recent developments, challenges and opportunities in genome editing for crop science from a societal perspective.Frontiers in genome editing · 2025Review
- Gene Editing for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: From Experimental Models to Emerging Therapies.Degenerative neurological and neuromuscular disease · 2025Review
- Emerging Gene-editing nano-therapeutics for Cancer.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Generation of Astrocyte-specific BEST1 Conditional Knockout Mouse with Reduced Tonic GABA Inhibition in the Brain.Experimental neurobiology · 2024Article
- Developing hydrogels for gene therapy and tissue engineering.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Review
- Development of Locus-Directed Editing of the Epigenome from Basic Mechanistic Engineering to First Clinical Applications.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- The potential of genome editing to create novel alleles of resistance genes in rice.Frontiers in genome editing · 2024Review
- Designing Epigenome Editors: Considerations of Biochemical and Locus Specificities.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Neuroepigenetic Editing.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Review
- Gene editing in livestock: innovations and applications.Animal reproduction · 2024Article
- Genetic Engineering and Genome Editing Advances to Enhance Floral Attributes in Ornamental Plants: An Update.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- CRISPR-Cas12b enables a highly efficient attack on HIV proviral DNA in T cell cultures.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2023Article
184 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Engineered zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) are promising tools for genome manipulation, and determining off-target cleavage sites of these enzymes is of great interest. We developed an in vitro selection method that interrogates 10(11) DNA sequences for cleavage by active, dimeric ZFNs. The method revealed hundreds of thousands of DNA sequences, some present in the human genome, that can be cleaved in vitro by two ZFNs: CCR5-224 and VF2468, which target the endogenous human CCR5 and VEGFA genes, respectively. Analysis of identified sites in one cultured human cell line revealed CCR5-224-induced changes at nine off-target loci, though this remains to be tested in other relevant cell types. Similarly, we observed 31 off-target sites cleaved by VF2468 in cultured human cells. Our findings establish an energy compensation model of ZFN specificity in which excess binding energy contributes to off-target ZFN cleavage and suggest strategies for the improvement of future ZFN design.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.