ArticleEukaryotic cell2011
Cryptococcal titan cell formation is regulated by G-protein signaling in response to multiple stimuli.
Article in Eukaryotic cell, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers.
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Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed.
- A role for aquaporin (Aqp1) in the control of Cryptococcus neoformans cell morphology.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Meiosis-specific genes play roles in ploidy reduction inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Ovoid cell is an inducible small-sized morphotype that enhances proliferation and antifungal drug tolerance in the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- The structural language of fungal cell wall sugars in WHO priority fungi: the determinant of pathogenicity and the gateway to new therapies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The protein phosphatase 2C domain contributes to the pathobiological function of adenylyl cyclase inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Pathogenicity and virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans from an environmental perspective.Virulence · 2025Review
- Meiosis-specific genes play roles in ploidy reduction inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- The impact of phenotypic heterogeneity on fungal pathogenicity and drug resistance.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Is Cryptococcus neoformans a pleomorphic fungus?Current opinion in microbiology · 2024Review
- Roles of Different Signaling Pathways inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Human plasma-like medium (HPLM) inducesmSphere · 2024Article
- Measuring Stress Phenotypes in Cryptococcus neoformans.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Developing novel antifungals: lessons from G protein-coupled receptors.Trends in pharmacological sciences · 2023Review
- Fungal resilience and host-pathogen interactions: Future perspectives and opportunities.Parasite immunology · 2023Review
- Last but not yeast-The many forms of Cryptococcus neoformans.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Article
- Multiple F-Box Proteins Collectively Regulate Cell Development and Pathogenesis in the Human PathogenJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Ubiquitin proteolysis of a CDK-related kinase regulates titan cell formation and virulence in the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans.Nature communications · 2022Article
- A dissemination-prone morphotype enhances extrapulmonary organ entry by Cryptococcus neoformans.Cell host & microbe · 2022Article
- An in vitro method for inducing titan cells reveals novel features of yeast-to-titan switching in the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus gattii.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The titan cell is a recently described morphological form of the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. Occurring during the earliest stages of lung infection, titan cells are 5 to 10 times larger than the normal yeast-like cells, thereby resisting engulfment by lung phagocytes and favoring the persistence of infection. These enlarged cells exhibit an altered capsule structure, a thickened cell wall, increased ploidy, and resistance to nitrosative and oxidative stresses. We demonstrate that two G-protein-coupled receptors are important for induction of the titan cell phenotype: the Ste3a pheromone receptor (in mating type a cells) and the Gpr5 protein. Both receptors control titan cell formation through elements of the cyclic AMP (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) pathway. This conserved signaling pathway, in turn, mediates its effect on titan cells through the PKA-regulated Rim101 transcription factor. Additional downstream effectors required for titan cell formation include the G(1) cyclin Pcl103, the Rho104 GTPase, and two GTPase-activating proteins, Gap1 and Cnc1560. These observations support developing models in which the PKA signaling pathway coordinately regulates many virulence-associated phenotypes in diverse human pathogens.
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