Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21821708›Full record

ArticleBlood2011

Siglec-9 is a novel leukocyte ligand for vascular adhesion protein-1 and can be used in PET imaging of inflammation and cancer.

Kristiina Aalto, Anu Autio, Elina A Kiss, Kati Elima, Yvonne Nymalm, Tibor Z Veres, Fumiko Marttila-Ichihara, Heli Elovaara, Tiina Saanijoki, Paul R Crocker and 6 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Blood, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
78citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
4.1field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

78 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 127 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Trial
  4. [RMD open · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. The role of VAP-1 in cardiovascular disease: a review.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025
    Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Vascular adhesion protein-1-targeted PET imaging in autoimmune myocarditis.Journal of nuclear cardiology : official publication of the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology · 2023
    Article
  19. Vasculature organotropism in drug delivery.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2023
    Review
  20. Siglec-9 is an inhibitory receptor on human mast cells in vitro.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2023
    Article

18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Kristiina Aalto *MediCity Research Laboratory and Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Anu Autio *Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Elina A KissMediCity Research Laboratory and Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Kati ElimaMediCity Research Laboratory and Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Yvonne NymalmStructural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
Tibor Z VeresMediCity Research Laboratory and Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Fumiko Marttila-IchiharaMediCity Research Laboratory and Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Heli ElovaaraMediCity Research Laboratory and Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Tiina SaanijokiTurku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Paul R CrockerThe Wellcome Trust Biocentre, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom.
Mikael MaksimowMediCity Research Laboratory and Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Eva BligtStructural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
Tiina A SalminenStructural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
Marko SalmiMediCity Research Laboratory and Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Anne RoivainenTurku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Sirpa JalkanenMediCity Research Laboratory and Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
University of Turku · FIÅbo Akademi University · FIFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare · FITurku PET Centre · FIUniversity of Dundee · GB

Funding

Wellcome Trust 081882
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Leukocyte migration to sites of inflammation is regulated by several endothelial adhesion molecules. Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is unique among the homing-associated molecules as it is both an enzyme that oxidizes primary amines and an adhesin. Although granulocytes can bind to endothelium via a VAP-1-dependent manner, the counter-receptor(s) on this leukocyte population is(are) not known. Here we used a phage display approach and identified Siglec-9 as a candidate ligand on granulocytes. The binding between Siglec-9 and VAP-1 was confirmed by in vitro and ex vivo adhesion assays. The interaction sites between VAP-1 and Siglec-9 were identified by molecular modeling and confirmed by further binding assays with mutated proteins. Although the binding takes place in the enzymatic groove of VAP-1, it is only partially dependent on the enzymatic activity of VAP-1. In positron emission tomography, the ⁶⁸Gallium-labeled peptide of Siglec-9 specifically detected VAP-1 in vasculature at sites of inflammation and cancer. Thus, the peptide binding to the enzymatic groove of VAP-1 can be used for imaging conditions, such as inflammation and cancer.

Indexed as

Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)AnimalsAntigens, CDCell Adhesion MoleculesCHO CellsCricetinaeCricetulusHumansInflammationLectinsLigandsMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, TransgenicNeoplasmsPositron-Emission TomographyAmine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)Antigens, CDAOC3 protein, humanCell Adhesion MoleculesLectinsLigandsRadioactive TracersSialic Acid Binding Immunoglobulin-like LectinsSIGLEC9 protein, human

Identifiers

PMID21821708
PMCPMC3833035
OpenAlexW2069088950

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.