Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21820713›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of allergy and clinical immunology2011

Short ragweed pollen triggers allergic inflammation through Toll-like receptor 4-dependent thymic stromal lymphopoietin/OX40 ligand/OX40 signaling pathways.

De-Quan Li, Lili Zhang, Stephen C Pflugfelder, Cintia S De Paiva, Xiaobo Zhang, Guiqiu Zhao, Xiaofen Zheng, Zhitao Su, Yangluowa Qu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
59citing papers in PubMed
12.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

59 citing papers in PubMed, 123 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Regulation of mCell biology and toxicology · 2026
    Review
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  3. Targeting alarmins in asthma: From bench to clinic.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2025
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

De-Quan LiOcular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. dequanl@bcm.tmc.edu
Lili Zhang
Stephen C Pflugfelder
Cintia S De Paiva
Xiaobo Zhang
Guiqiu Zhao
Xiaofen Zheng
Zhitao Su
Yangluowa Qu
Baylor College of Medicine · USAffiliated Hospital of Qingdao University · CNOcular Surface Center · US

Funding

PATHOGENESIS OF CONJUNCTIVAL SQUAMOUS METAPLASIAR01EY011915 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI PFLUGFELDER, STEPHEN C · 1997 to 2023
$8.0M
NEI NIH HHS EY11915NEI NIH HHS R01 EY011915
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAllergic diseases affect a large population. Pollen, an ubiquitous allergen, is the trigger of seasonal rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and asthma, as well as an exacerbating factor of atopic dermatitis. However, the underlying mechanism by which pollen induces thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP)-triggered allergic inflammation through epithelial innate immunity is largely unknown.

objectiveWe sought to explore whether short ragweed (SRW) pollen induces TSLP/OX40 ligand (OX40L)/OX40 signaling through Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4-dependent pathways in patients with allergic disease.

methodsThree models were used for this study, a well-characterized murine model of allergic conjunctivitis induced by SRW pollen, a topical challenge model on the murine ocular surface, and a culture model of primary human corneal epithelium exposed to aqueous extract of defatted SRW pollen (SRWe).

resultsThe topical challenges with SRW pollen generated typical allergic conjunctivitis in BALB/c mice. Clinical signs, stimulated TSLP/OX40L/OX40 signaling, and T(H)2 cytokine levels in the ocular mucosa and draining cervical lymph nodes were significantly reduced or eliminated in TLR4-deficient (Tlr4-d) or myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) knockout (MyD88(-/-)) mice compared with those seen in their wild-type littermates. SRWe stimulated TSLP production by ocular epithelia in wild-type but not Tlr4-d or MyD88(-/-) mice. SRWe-stimulated TSLP was blocked by TLR4 antibody and nuclear factor κB inhibitor in murine and human corneal epithelia.

conclusionFor the first time, we have shown that SRW pollen, acting as a functional TLR4 agonist, initiates TLR4-dependent TSLP/OX40L/OX40 signaling, which triggers T(H)2-dominant allergic inflammation. These findings shed light on the understanding of mucosal epithelial innate immunity and create new therapeutic targets to cure allergic diseases.

Indexed as

AmbrosiaAnimalsAntigens, DifferentiationCytokinesEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayFemaleFluorescent Antibody TechniqueHumansImmunity, InnateImmunohistochemistryInflammationMaleMiceMice, Inbred BALB CMice, KnockoutOX40 LigandAntigens, DifferentiationCytokinesOX40IgOX40 LigandThymic Stromal LymphopoietinTLR4 protein, humanTlr4 protein, mouseToll-Like Receptor 4

Identifiers

PMID21820713
PMCPMC3229670
OpenAlexW2165044128

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.