ArticleThe AAPS journal2011
BDDCS applied to over 900 drugs.
Article in The AAPS journal, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 201 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
201 citing papers in PubMed, 617 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Exposure of Fexofenadine, but Not Pseudoephedrine, Is Markedly Decreased by Green Tea Extract in Healthy Volunteers.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2022Trial
- IV and oral fosfomycin pharmacokinetics in neonates with suspected clinical sepsis.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2021Trial
- Pharmacokinetic and Metabolic Profile of Deutetrabenazine (TEV-50717) Compared With Tetrabenazine in Healthy Volunteers.Clinical and translational science · 2020Trial
- Meal Effects Confound Attempts to Counteract Rabeprazole-Induced Hypochlorhydria Decreases in Atazanavir Absorption.Pharmaceutical research · 2017Trial
- Physiologically Based Absorption Modeling to Explore the Impact of Food and Gastric pH Changes on the Pharmacokinetics of Alectinib.The AAPS journal · 2016Trial
- Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of the Oral Absorption Process and Explaining Intra-Subject Variability in Plasma Exposures of Imatinib in Healthy Volunteers.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2016Trial
- A microdose study of ¹⁴C-AR-709 in healthy men: pharmacokinetics, absolute bioavailability and concentrations in key compartments of the lung.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2013Trial
- A multiparametric in vitro strategy for small molecule drug-induced liver injury risk mitigation in early drug development.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2026Article
- Novel crystalline solid dispersions to improve the oral bioavailability and anti-liver cancer effect of Sorafenib.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of cefotaxime to inform pediatric dosing in renal impairment.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Article
- Machine Learning-Based Models to Predict Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI) to Assist Medicinal Chemistry.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Construction of a curated human pharmacokinetics database for molecular fragment analysis and machine learning applications.Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals · 2026Article
- Rectal nanoparticulate-hydrogel delivering budesonide to reduce enterohepatic drug metabolism and clearance.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Review
- Quantitative Analysis of the Effect of Gastrointestinal Water Dynamics on Oral Drug Absorption using a Physiologically Based Integrated Liquid and Intestinal Absorption Drug (ILIAD) Pharmacokinetic Model.Pharmaceutical research · 2026Article
- Classification system proposed to guide the design, development, regulatory approval, and scaling of long acting, small- and macro-molecule parenteral products (CS-BLAP).Journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2026Review
- Aprepitant: Review on Solubility Enhancement.Recent advances in drug delivery and formulation · 2026Review
- Oil-based and oil-free formulations for enhancing cannabidiol bioavailability.Journal of cannabis research · 2025Article
- Classifying Effluxable Versus Non-Effluxable Compounds Using a Permeability Threshold Based on Fundamental Energy Constraints.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
141 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Here, we compile the Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) classification for 927 drugs, which include 30 active metabolites. Of the 897 parent drugs, 78.8% (707) are administered orally. Where the lowest measured solubility is found, this value is reported for 72.7% (513) of these orally administered drugs and a dose number is recorded. The measured values are reported for percent excreted unchanged in urine, LogP, and LogD (7.4) when available. For all 927 compounds, the in silico parameters for predicted Log solubility in water, calculated LogP, polar surface area, and the number of hydrogen bond acceptors and hydrogen bond donors for the active moiety are also provided, thereby allowing comparison analyses for both in silico and experimentally measured values. We discuss the potential use of BDDCS to estimate the disposition characteristics of novel chemicals (new molecular entities) in the early stages of drug discovery and development. Transporter effects in the intestine and the liver are not clinically relevant for BDDCS class 1 drugs, but potentially can have a high impact for class 2 (efflux in the gut, and efflux and uptake in the liver) and class 3 (uptake and efflux in both gut and liver) drugs. A combination of high dose and low solubility is likely to cause BDDCS class 4 to be underpopulated in terms of approved drugs (N = 53 compared with over 200 each in classes 1-3). The influence of several measured and in silico parameters in the process of BDDCS category assignment is discussed in detail.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.