ArticleEye (London, England)2011
Three horizontal muscle surgery for large-angle infantile esotropia: validation of a table of amounts of surgery.
Article in Eye (London, England), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Visual and refractive pattern in patients with comitant large angle esotropia.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- [Three-muscle surgery for large angle esotropia].Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft · 2022Article
- Outcome of large angle exotropia treated by single stage adjustable strabismus surgery with monitored conscious anesthesia.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2021Article
- Outcome of Esotropia Surgery in 2 Tertiary Hospitals in Cameroon.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2020Article
- Why bilateral medial rectus recession fails? Factors associated with early repeated surgery.International ophthalmology · 2020Article
- Three horizontal muscle surgery for large-angle esotropia: success rate and dose-effect ratio.International journal of ophthalmology · 2020Article
- Surgical success and lateral incomitance following three-muscle surgery for large-angle horizontal strabismus.Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus · 2018Article
- Essential infantile esotropia: postoperative motor outcomes and inferential analysis of strabismus surgery.BMC ophthalmology · 2014Article
- Infantile Esoropia: Management results and prognostic factors.La Tunisie medicaleArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo validate a table of amounts of three horizontal muscle surgery in patients with large-angle infantile esotropia (≥60 prism dioptres, PD).
methodsA prospective interventional case series reporting the postoperative alignment of 51 patients (27 male, 24 female) over a 15-year period was conducted. Surgery amounts were according to a published table developed on a previous patient cohort (n=49), using bilateral medial rectus recession with graded unilateral lateral rectus resection. Kaplan-Meier life-table survival curves were formulated for success to orthotropia (±10 PD) after one and subsequent horizontal muscle surgeries for up to 8 years follow-up.
resultsThe median preoperative deviation was 65 PD (range 60-80 PD) and median age at surgery was 11.8 months (range 5.1 months-3.6 years). Surgical success to orthotropia (±10 PD) after one surgery was 100% at 2 months, 95.7% at 6 months, 91.3% at 12 months, 77.8% at 4 years, and 73.6% at 8 years. Postoperative failure requiring further horizontal surgery occurred in 17.6% (residual esotropia 4, consecutive exotropia 5).
conclusionsOur second cohort has reproduced the success rate of the previous cohort (77.8% vs 77.1% at 4 years). If the published table of surgical amounts is used, three horizontal muscle surgery in large-angle infantile esotropia (≥60 PD) appears to have a good long-term success rate, and does not lead to the high rates of either residual esotropia or consecutive exotropia reported by others in the literature.
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