ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2011
Tet-mediated formation of 5-carboxylcytosine and its excision by TDG in mammalian DNA.
Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1,509 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1,509 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 2,740 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of m5C methylation in digestive system tumors (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Pooled it
- Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies: DNA methylation in pancreatic cancer.Cancer biology & therapy · 2026Review
- Epigenetic regulatory networks in the pathogenesis and treatment of osteoporosis subtypes.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Genomic sequence context differentially impacts stepwise oxidation by TET enzymes to shape DNA hydroxymethylation landscapes.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Whole-genome 5-hydroxymethylation profiling of human neurons for regulatory and biological insight.Epigenetics & chromatin · 2026Article
- Abasic site repair in APE1-deficient mouse embryonic stem cells: a matter for the MRN complex and ATM signaling.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Identification of elements determiningiScience · 2026Article
- Gene regulatory mechanisms downstream of DNA methylation.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2026Review
- Epigenetics and childhood obesity: DNA methylation coordinates environment and gene regulation.Endocrine reviews · 2026Review
- TET2 loss triggers ssDNA gap accumulation and heightened PARP inhibitor sensitivity.Nature communications · 2026Article
- DREAMS illuminates spatial DNA and RNA modification landscapes.Nature cell biology · 2026Article
- A theoretical and experimental framework enables low-coverage sequencing for accurate quantification of genome-wide cytosine modification levels.NAR genomics and bioinformatics · 2026Article
- Epigenetics in development, disease, and therapy: from mechanisms to clinical interventions.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Review
- Robust excision of different purine lesions by homologs thymine DNA glycosylase and mismatch-specific uracil DNA-glycosylase.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Epigenetic dysregulation in depression: molecular mechanisms, clinical biomarkers, and therapeutic opportunities.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- DNA Methylation as a Programmable Information Layer: From Molecular Marks to Disease State Engineering.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Genomic features of clonal hematopoiesis-associated genes in primary and CAR T-cell-related secondary T-cell malignancies.Blood neoplasia · 2026Article
- DEPACE-seq enables high-fidelity, single-nucleotide-resolution mapping of abasic sites and characterization of dynamic and long-lived AP landscapes in mammalian genomes.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Inhibition of DNA demethylation attenuates experimental necrotizing enterocolitis via suppression of TLR4-mediated inflammation.Research square · 2026Article
- Targeting thymine DNA glycosylase induces synthetic lethality in p53-deficient cancers.Nature chemical biology · 2026Article
1,449 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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17 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The prevalent DNA modification in higher organisms is the methylation of cytosine to 5-methylcytosine (5mC), which is partially converted to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) by the Tet (ten eleven translocation) family of dioxygenases. Despite their importance in epigenetic regulation, it is unclear how these cytosine modifications are reversed. Here, we demonstrate that 5mC and 5hmC in DNA are oxidized to 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) by Tet dioxygenases in vitro and in cultured cells. 5caC is specifically recognized and excised by thymine-DNA glycosylase (TDG). Depletion of TDG in mouse embyronic stem cells leads to accumulation of 5caC to a readily detectable level. These data suggest that oxidation of 5mC by Tet proteins followed by TDG-mediated base excision of 5caC constitutes a pathway for active DNA demethylation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.