Trial reportLipids in health and disease2011
Incorporation of n-3 PUFA and γ-linolenic acid in blood lipids and red blood cell lipids together with their influence on disease activity in patients with chronic inflammatory arthritis--a randomized controlled human intervention trial.
Trial report in Lipids in health and disease, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01179971 (Incorporation of n-3 Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Gamma Linolenic Acid in Plasma Lipids, Cholesteryl Esters, and Erythrocyte Membranes and Their Influence on Disease Activity in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis), which is not on this map. Cited by 26 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Incorporation of n-3 Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Gamma Linolenic Acid in Plasma Lipids, Cholesteryl Esters, and Erythrocyte Membranes and Their Influence on Disease Activity in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of type and dose of oral polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on disease activity in inflammatory rheumatic diseases: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis.Arthritis research & therapy · 2022Pooled it
- The Relationship between Fatty Acids and the Development, Course and Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Marine Oil Supplements for Arthritis Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials.Nutrients · 2017Pooled it
- Comparative analysis of fatty acid profiles across omnivorous, flexitarians, vegetarians, and vegans: insights from the NuEva study.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Trial
- Influence of different supplementation on platelet aggregation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Clinical rheumatology · 2019Trial
- Clinical Benefits of n-3 PUFA and ɤ-Linolenic Acid in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.Nutrients · 2017Trial
- Training Enhances Immune Cells Mitochondrial Biosynthesis, Fission, Fusion, and Their Antioxidant Capabilities Synergistically with Dietary Docosahexaenoic Supplementation.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2016Trial
- Diet supplementation with DHA-enriched food in football players during training season enhances the mitochondrial antioxidant capabilities in blood mononuclear cells.European journal of nutrition · 2015Trial
- A randomized clinical trial to determine the efficacy of manufacturers' recommended doses of omega-3 fatty acids from different sources in facilitating cardiovascular disease risk reduction.Lipids in health and disease · 2014Trial
- Impact of EPA ingestion on COX- and LOX-mediated eicosanoid synthesis in skin with and without a pro-inflammatory UVR challenge--report of a randomised controlled study in humans.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2014Trial
- Anti-Neuroinflammation Activity of Essential Oils and Fatty Acids.Food science & nutrition · 2026Review
- Comparison of effects of cyclosporine 0.05% and 0.1% in dry eye with Sjögren's syndrome.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Article
- The Role of Marine n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Inflammatory-Based Disease: The Case of Rheumatoid Arthritis.Marine drugs · 2023Review
- Olive Oil and Nuts in Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Review
- Manipulation of fatty acid profile and nutritional quality of Chlorella vulgaris by supplementing with citrus peel fatty acid.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Polyphenol Extract from Evening Primrose (Biomolecules · 2020Article
- Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use in Psoriatic Arthritis Patients: a Review.Current rheumatology reports · 2020Review
- Functional Lipids in Autoimmune Inflammatory Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimMarine n-3 fatty acids and γ-linolenic acid both have anti-inflammatory effects and may be useful to help treat inflammatory diseases. The effects of these alone or combined were examined in patients with arthritis in a randomized controlled trial.
designPatients with rheumatoid arthritis or psoriatic arthritis were randomized into four groups in a double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel designed study. Patients received the respective capsules (1: 3.0 g n-3 LC-PUFA/d; 2: 3.2 g γ-linolenic acid/d; 3: 1.6 g n-3 LC-PUFA + 1.8 g γ-linolenic acid/d; 4: 3.0 g olive oil) for a twelve week period. Clinical status was evaluated and blood samples were taken at the beginning and at the end of the period. Differences before and after intervention were tested with paired t-test or with Wilcoxon test for non-normal data distribution.
results60 patients (54 rheumatoid arthritis, 6 psoriatic arthritis) were randomised, 47 finished per protocol. In group 1, the ratio of arachidonic acid (AA)/eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) decreased from 6.5 ± 3.7 to 2.7 ± 2.1 in plasma lipids and from 25.1 ± 10.1 to 7.2 ± 4.7 in erythrocyte membranes (p ≤ 0.001). There was no significant influence on AA/EPA ratio due to interventions in group 2-4. In group 2, the intake of γ-linolenic acid resulted in a strong rise of γ-linolenic acid and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid concentrations in plasma lipids, cholesteryl esters, and erythrocyte membranes. The combination of n-3 LC-PUFA and γ-linolenic acid (group 3) led to an increase of γ-linolenic acid and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid concentrations in plasma lipids, cholesteryl esters, and erythrocyte mem-branes. This increase was only half of that in group 2.
conclusionsIncorporation of eicosanoid precursor FAs was influenced by an intake of n-3 LC-PUFA and γ-linolenic acid suggesting a possible benefit for therapy of chronic inflammatory diseases.
trial registrationClinicalTrials NCT01179971.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.