ArticleNature2011
HIV-1 adaptation to NK-cell-mediated immune pressure.
Article in Nature, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 237 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
237 citing papers in PubMed, 338 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Preservation of tetherin and CD4 counter-activities in circulating Vpu alleles despite extensive sequence variation within HIV-1 infected individuals.PLoS pathogens · 2014Trial
- NK cell immunotherapy after analytic treatment interruption is associated with HIV viral control.Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- Single-cell sequencing reveals NK cell dysregulation during chronic HIV infection and identifies transitional NK cell cytotoxicity related to HIV reservoir decay.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- NK-like and networked CD8bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Multiplex engineering of rhesus macaque NK cells enhances homing to sites of HIV replication in B cell follicles.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Natural killer cells in kidney immune surveillance, injury and fibrosis.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2026Review
- Retinoids enhance NK effector function against HIV-infected CD4 T cells.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- World free HIV: the novel therapeutic approaches for eliminating latent HIV infection.Virology journal · 2026Review
- NK Cells Engineered with a Chimeric Antigen Receptor Delay HIV Rebound and Reshape HIV Reservoir Composition.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- CXCR6Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- NK cell immunotherapy administered at the time of HIV recrudescence is associated with viral control.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- A genetic fingerprint associated with durable HIV remission after interruption of antiretroviral treatment: ANRS VISCONTI/PRIMO.Med (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- NK cell activation and CD4+ T cell α4β7 expression are associated with susceptibility to HIV-1.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Elephant in the room: natural killer cells don't forget HIV either.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025Review
- Double, double toil and trouble: transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) in HIV infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Comprehensive analysis of the role of diverse programmed cell death patterns in sepsis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Emerging mutation in SARS-CoV-2 facilitates escape from NK cell recognition and associates with enhanced viral fitness.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Hepatitis E virus: from innate sensing to adaptive immune responses.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2024Review
- HLA-C Peptide Repertoires as Predictors of Clinical Response during Early SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
177 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells have an important role in the control of viral infections, recognizing virally infected cells through a variety of activating and inhibitory receptors. Epidemiological and functional studies have recently suggested that NK cells can also contribute to the control of HIV-1 infection through recognition of virally infected cells by both activating and inhibitory killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs). However, it remains unknown whether NK cells can directly mediate antiviral immune pressure in vivo in humans. Here we describe KIR-associated amino-acid polymorphisms in the HIV-1 sequence of chronically infected individuals, on a population level. We show that these KIR-associated HIV-1 sequence polymorphisms can enhance the binding of inhibitory KIRs to HIV-1-infected CD4(+) T cells, and reduce the antiviral activity of KIR-positive NK cells. These data demonstrate that KIR-positive NK cells can place immunological pressure on HIV-1, and that the virus can evade such NK-cell-mediated immune pressure by selecting for sequence polymorphisms, as was previously described for virus-specific T cells and neutralizing antibodies. NK cells might therefore have a previously underappreciated role in contributing to viral evolution.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.