ArticleThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene2011
Drinking water quality, feeding practices, and diarrhea among children under 2 years of HIV-positive mothers in peri-urban Zambia.
Article in The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Faecal contamination of the environment and child health: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.The Lancet. Planetary health · 2020Pooled it
- Community-based interventions for preventing diarrhoea in people living with HIV in sub-Sahara Africa: A systematic review.Malawi medical journal : the journal of Medical Association of Malawi · 2019Pooled it
- Follow-up study to assess the use and performance of household filters in Zambia.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2013Trial
- Trial
- Women's knowledge, attitudes and practices related to mother-to-child transmission of HTLV-1 in Peru.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Adoption of the Revised DHHS Guidelines on Breastmilk Feeding and HIV in the United States: Clinical Practices and Barriers.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Water Security and Nutrition: Current Knowledge and Research Opportunities.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Review
- Maternal Diarrhea and Antibiotic Use are Associated with Increased Risk of Diarrhea among HIV-Exposed, Uninfected Infants in Kenya.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2020Article
- Association of mother's handwashing practices and pediatric diarrhea: evidence from a multi-country study on community oriented interventions.Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2019Article
- Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Mothers/Caregivers on Household Water Treatment Methods in Northwest Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2017Article
- Assessing the Association between Thermotolerant Coliforms in Drinking Water and Diarrhea: An Analysis of Individual-Level Data from Multiple Studies.Environmental health perspectives · 2016Article
- Water filter provision and home-based filter reinforcement reduce diarrhea in Kenyan HIV-infected adults and their household members.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2014Article
- Seroepidemiology of hepatitis E virus infection in an urban population in Zambia: strong association with HIV and environmental enteropathy.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2014Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In low-income settings, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive mothers must choose between breastfeeding their infants and risking transmission of HIV or replacement feeding their infants and risking diarrheal disease from contaminated water. We conducted a cross-sectional study of children < 2 years of age of 254 HIV-positive mothers in peri-urban Zambia to assess their exposure to waterborne fecal contamination. Fecal indicators were found in 70% of household drinking water samples. In a multivariable analysis, factors associated with diarrhea prevalence in children < 2 years were mother having diarrhea (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 5.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.65-16.28), child given water in the past 2 days (aOR = 4.08, 95% CI = 1.07-15.52), child never being breastfed (aOR = 2.67, 95% CI = 1.06-6.72), and rainy (versus dry) season (aOR = 4.60, 95% CI = 1.29-16.42). Children born to HIV-positive mothers were exposed to contaminated water through direct intake of drinking water, indicating the need for interventions to ensure microbiological water quality.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.