ArticleJournal of virology2011
HLA-DR+ CD38+ CD4+ T lymphocytes have elevated CCR5 expression and produce the majority of R5-tropic HIV-1 RNA in vivo.
Article in Journal of virology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Sex Differences in Neurocognitive Function in Adults with HIV: Patterns, Predictors, and Mechanisms.Current psychiatry reports · 2019Pooled it
- Injectable Contraceptives Differentially Affect Select CD4+ HIV-1 Target Cells in the Genital Tract but Not Systemically: Implications for HIV-1 Acquisition.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2025Trial
- Live attenuated varicella-zoster virus vaccine does not induce HIV target cell activation.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2019Trial
- Trial
- BCG vaccination induces HIV target cell activation in HIV-exposed infants in a randomized trial.JCI insight · 2017Trial
- Chemokine Levels in the Penile Coronal Sulcus Correlate with HIV-1 Acquisition and Are Reduced by Male Circumcision in Rakai, Uganda.PLoS pathogens · 2016Trial
- Age-Associated Expansion of HIV/SIV Reservoirs in People With HIV and SIV-Infected Macaques.Aging cell · 2025Article
- Lymphoid B cells upregulate HIV-1 ex vivo and are linked to its expression in vivo.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Immune cells display an abnormal maturation and a proinflammatory profile in telomere biology disorders.Blood advances · 2025Article
- BACH2 promotes seeding and establishment of long-lived HIV-1 reservoir in memory CD4Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- Patterns of inflammation and immune activation by coreceptor use in people living with HIV-1.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Article
- MOG-specific T cell response amplified in para- and post-SAR-CoV-2 infection in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2023Article
- IL-15 enhances HIV-1 infection by promoting survival and proliferation of CCR5+CD4+ T cells.JCI insight · 2023Article
- HIV post-treatment controllers have distinct immunological and virological features.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Genital Immune Cell Activation and Tenofovir Gel Efficacy: A Case-Control Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Article
- Immune aging in multiple sclerosis is characterized by abnormal CD4 T cell activation and increased frequencies of cytotoxic CD4 T cells with advancing age.EBioMedicine · 2022Article
- Review
- Follicular regulatory T cells eliminate HIV-1-infected follicular helper T cells in an IL-2 concentration dependent manner.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Percentages of activated T cells correlate with HIV-1 disease progression, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We hypothesized that HLA-DR(+) CD38(+) (DR(+) 38(+)) CD4(+) T cells produce the majority of HIV-1 due to elevated expression of CCR5 and CXCR4. In phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated CD8-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) infected with HIV-1 green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter viruses, DR(-) 38(+) T cells constituted the majority of CCR5 (R5)-tropic (median, 62%) and CXCR4 (X4)-tropic HIV-1-producing cells (median, 61%), although cell surface CCR5 and CXCR4 were not elevated in this subset of cells. In lymph nodes from untreated individuals infected with R5-tropic HIV-1, percentages of CCR5(+) cells were elevated in DR(+) 38(+) CD4(+) T cells (median, 36.4%) compared to other CD4(+) T-cell subsets (median values of 5.7% for DR(-) 38(-) cells, 19.4% for DR(+) 38(-) cells, and 7.6% for DR(-) 38(+) cells; n = 18; P < 0.001). In sorted CD8(-) lymph node T cells, median HIV-1 RNA copies/10(5) cells was higher for DR(+) 38(+) cells (1.8 × 10(6)) than for DR(-) 38(-) (0.007 × 10(6)), DR(-) 38(+) (0.064 × 10(6)), and DR(+) 38(-) (0.18 × 10(6)) subsets (n = 8; P < 0.001 for all). After adjusting for percentages of subsets, a median of 87% of viral RNA was harbored by DR(+) 38(+) cells. Percentages of CCR5(+) CD4(+) T cells and concentrations of CCR5 molecules among subsets predicted HIV-1 RNA levels among CD8(-) DR/38 subsets (P < 0.001 for both). Median HIV-1 DNA copies/10(5) cells was higher in DR(+) 38(+) cells (5,360) than in the DR(-) 38(-) (906), DR(-) 38(+) (814), and DR(+) 38(-) (1,984) subsets (n = 7; P ≤ 0.031). Thus, DR(+) 38(+) CD4(+) T cells in lymph nodes have elevated CCR5 expression, are highly susceptible to infection with R5-tropic virus, and produce the majority of R5-tropic HIV-1. PBMC assays failed to recapitulate in vivo findings, suggesting limited utility. Strategies to reduce numbers of DR(+) 38(+) CD4(+) T cells may substantially inhibit HIV-1 replication.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.