ArticleJournal of virology2011
Immunization with a vaccine combining herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) glycoprotein C (gC) and gD subunits improves the protection of dorsal root ganglia in mice and reduces the frequency of recurrent vaginal shedding of HSV-2 DNA in guinea pigs compared to immunization with gD alone.
Article in Journal of virology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Better neutralization of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) than HSV-2 by antibody from recipients of GlaxoSmithKline HSV-2 glycoprotein D2 subunit vaccine.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2014Trial
- HSV-2 gC2 mRNA immunization in mice protects by producing antibodies that bind immune evasion epitopes.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Role of mucosal chemokines in the development of tissue-resident CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The Path Towards Effective Long-Lasting Tissue-Targeted Prime/Pull/Keep Herpes Simplex Therapeutic Vaccines.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Advantages of using complement components in preventive and therapeutic vaccine strategies for infectious and non-infectious diseases.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2025Review
- Article
- Herpes simplex virus 1 envelope glycoprotein C shields glycoprotein D to protect virions from entry-blocking antibodies.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Design and immunogenicity of a quadrivalent mRNA vaccine targeting HSV-2 with comparative evaluation of co-formulated and admixed formulations.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Envelope Glycoprotein C Shields Glycoprotein D to Protect Virions from Entry-Blocking Antibodies.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Article
- Immunization of Mice with Virus-Like Vesicles of Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Reveals a Role for Antibodies Targeting ORF4 in Activating Complement-Mediated Neutralization.Journal of virology · 2023Article
- Review
- Towards a comprehensive view of the herpes B virus.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- The battle between the innate immune cGAS-STING signaling pathway and human herpesvirus infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- An mRNA vaccine to prevent genital herpes.Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Article
- Trivalent nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine yields durable memory B cell protection against genital herpes in preclinical models.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2021Article
- Guinea Pig and Mouse Models for Genital Herpes Infection.Current protocols · 2021Article
- Developments in Vaccination for Herpes Simplex Virus.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Attempts to develop a vaccine to prevent genital herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) disease have been only marginally successful, suggesting that novel strategies are needed. Immunization with HSV-2 glycoprotein C (gC-2) and gD-2 was evaluated in mice and guinea pigs to determine whether adding gC-2 to a gD-2 subunit vaccine would improve protection by producing antibodies that block gC-2 immune evasion from complement. Antibodies produced by gC-2 immunization blocked the interaction between gC-2 and complement C3b, and passive transfer of gC-2 antibody protected complement-intact mice but not C3 knockout mice against HSV-2 challenge, indicating that gC-2 antibody is effective, at least in part, because it prevents HSV-2 evasion from complement. Immunization with gC-2 also produced neutralizing antibodies that were active in the absence of complement; however, the neutralizing titers were higher when complement was present, with the highest titers in animals immunized with both antigens. Animals immunized with the gC-2-plus-gD-2 combination had robust CD4+ T-cell responses to each immunogen. Multiple disease parameters were evaluated in mice and guinea pigs immunized with gC-2 alone, gD-2 alone, or both antigens. In general, gD-2 outperformed gC-2; however, the gC-2-plus-gD-2 combination outperformed gD-2 alone, particularly in protecting dorsal root ganglia in mice and reducing recurrent vaginal shedding of HSV-2 DNA in guinea pigs. Therefore, the gC-2 subunit antigen enhances a gD-2 subunit vaccine by stimulating a CD4+ T-cell response, by producing neutralizing antibodies that are effective in the absence and presence of complement, and by blocking immune evasion domains that inhibit complement activation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.