ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2011
Emergence of a globally dominant IncHI1 plasmid type associated with multiple drug resistant typhoid.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 89 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
89 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 166 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of combining antibiotics on resistance: A systematic review and meta-analysis.eLife · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- A systematic review of antimicrobial resistance of typhoidalThe Indian journal of medical research · 2019Pooled it
- A systematic review of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, the etiological agent of typhoid.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2018Pooled it
- Treatment Response in Enteric Fever in an Era of Increasing Antimicrobial Resistance: An Individual Patient Data Analysis of 2092 Participants Enrolled into 4 Randomized, Controlled Trials in Nepal.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2017Trial
- Trial
- Emergence of Genotype 2.3.1 Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Strain, West Africa, 2021-2025.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Genomic Detection of Multidrug-Resistant H58 ST1 Salmonella Typhi in a South African Urban Waterway Reveals Epidemiological Links With Clinical Isolates.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Article
- Solution characterization of TrhW, a type 4 secretion system regulatory protein from the R27 plasmid.Structural dynamics (Melville, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Antibiotics and priority effects on colonizing resistant Escherichia coli strain assemblages in a community setting.PloS one · 2026Article
- Typhi Mykrobe: fast and accurate lineage identification and antimicrobial resistance genotyping directly from sequence reads for the typhoid fever agent Salmonella Typhi.Genome medicine · 2025Article
- Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis of Drug-ResistantPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Determining genotype and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella Typhi in environmental samples by amplicon sequencing.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Antibiotic-ResistantFood science of animal resources · 2025Review
- Article
- WHO preferred product characteristics for bivalent Salmonella Typhi/Paratyphi A vaccine for comprehensive protection against enteric fever- key considerations and research gaps.Gates open research · 2025Review
- Emergence of carbapenem-resistantFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Facile Synthesis ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
29 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 9 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), remains a serious global health concern. Since their emergence in the mid-1970s multi-drug resistant (MDR) S. Typhi now dominate drug sensitive equivalents in many regions. MDR in S. Typhi is almost exclusively conferred by self-transmissible IncHI1 plasmids carrying a suite of antimicrobial resistance genes. We identified over 300 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within conserved regions of the IncHI1 plasmid, and genotyped both plasmid and chromosomal SNPs in over 450 S. Typhi dating back to 1958. Prior to 1995, a variety of IncHI1 plasmid types were detected in distinct S. Typhi haplotypes. Highly similar plasmids were detected in co-circulating S. Typhi haplotypes, indicative of plasmid transfer. In contrast, from 1995 onwards, 98% of MDR S. Typhi were plasmid sequence type 6 (PST6) and S. Typhi haplotype H58, indicating recent global spread of a dominant MDR clone. To investigate whether PST6 conferred a selective advantage compared to other IncHI1 plasmids, we used a phenotyping array to compare the impact of IncHI1 PST6 and PST1 plasmids in a common S. Typhi host. The PST6 plasmid conferred the ability to grow in high salt medium (4.7% NaCl), which we demonstrate is due to the presence in PST6 of the Tn6062 transposon encoding BetU.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.