ArticleFrontiers in integrative neuroscience2011
Behavioral sensitivity of temporally modulated striatal neurons.
Article in Frontiers in integrative neuroscience, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Temporal Learning Among Prefrontal and Striatal Ensembles.Cerebral cortex communications · 2020Article
- Mice plan decision strategies based on previously learned time intervals, locations, and probabilities.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2016Article
- Searching for the holy grail: temporally informative firing patterns in the rat.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2014Review
- Hippocampus, time, and memory--a retrospective analysis.Behavioral neuroscience · 2013Article
- Fos expression in the prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum after exposure to a free-operant timing schedule.Behavioural brain research · 2012Article
- Acquisition of "Start" and "Stop" response thresholds in peak-interval timing is differentially sensitive to protein synthesis inhibition in the dorsal and ventral striatum.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2012Article
- Multiple mechanisms for temporal processing.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2011Article
- Contingent negative variation and its relation to time estimation: a theoretical evaluation.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2011Article
- The neuroscience of time and number: untying the gordian knot.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2011Article
- The sensory representation of time.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2011Article
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3 authors.
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Abstract
Recent investigations into the neural mechanisms that underlie temporal perception have revealed that the striatum is an important contributor to interval timing processes, and electrophysiological recording studies have shown that the firing rates of striatal neurons are modulated by the time in a trial at which an operant response is made. However, it remains unclear whether striatal firing rate modulations are related to the passage of time alone (i.e., whether temporal information is represented in an "abstract" manner independent of other attributes of biological importance), or whether this temporal information is embedded within striatal activity related to co-occurring contextual information, such as motor behaviors. This study evaluated these two hypotheses by recording from striatal neurons while rats performed a temporal production task. Rats were trained to respond at different nosepoke apertures for food reward under two simultaneously active reinforcement schedules: a variable-interval (VI-15 s) schedule and a fixed-interval (FI-15 s) schedule of reinforcement. Responding during a trial occurred in a sequential manner composing three phases; VI responding, FI responding, VI responding. The vast majority of task-sensitive striatal neurons (95%) varied their firing rates associated with equivalent behaviors (e.g., periods in which their snout was held within the nosepoke) across these behavioral phases, and 96% of cells varied their firing rates for the same behavior within a phase, thereby demonstrating their sensitivity to time. However, in a direct test of the abstract timing hypothesis, 91% of temporally modulated "hold" cells were further modulated by the overt motor behaviors associated with transitioning between nosepokes. As such, these data are inconsistent with the striatum representing time in an "abstract' manner, but support the hypothesis that temporal information is embedded within contextual and motor functions of the striatum.
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