ReviewNature reviews. Clinical oncology2011
Hormone replacement therapy and the risk of breast cancer.
Review in Nature reviews. Clinical oncology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05850637 (Phase II Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness and Toxicity of Adjuvant Ultra-hypofractionated Radiotherapy for the Treatment of Early and Locally Advanced Breast Cancer), which is not on this map. Cited by 76 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Phase II Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness and Toxicity of Adjuvant Ultra-hypofractionated Radiotherapy for the Treatment of Early and Locally Advanced Breast Cancer
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 174 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies.American journal of epidemiology · 2024Pooled it
- Prognostic value of preoperative low bone mineral density in patients with digestive cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Archives of osteoporosis · 2022Pooled it
- Association between FAS 1377G>A polymorphism and breast cancer susceptibility: a meta-analysis.Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine · 2014Pooled it
- The Future of Breast Cancer Treatment: From Conventional Wisdom to Nanotechnology-Enabled Precision.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Can I Do Better Than AI: A Comparative Analysis of a Medical Student Essay Created With and Without Generative AI.Cureus · 2026Article
- The testobolome in microbial testosterone metabolism and human health.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Review
- Recombinant humanized type III collagen improves ovarian function via ITGA2-mediated mitochondrial function restoration in granulosa cells and extracellular matrix remodeling.Regenerative biomaterials · 2026Article
- Decoding Breast Cancer: Emerging Molecular Biomarkers and Novel Therapeutic Targets for Precision Medicine.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- PI3 K/AKT/mTOR pathway and its role in breast cancer stem cells.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Impacts of systemic milieu on cerebrovascular and brain aging: insights from heterochronic parabiosis, blood exchange, and plasma transfer experiments.GeroScience · 2025Review
- Estrogens and breast cancer.Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology · 2025Review
- Advances in breast cancer diagnosis: a comprehensive review of imaging, biosensors, and emerging wearable technologies.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Sex bias in tumor immunity: insights from immune cells.Theranostics · 2025Review
- Trends in hospitalization for female breast and gynecological cancer in China from 2004 to 2020.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Untangling the role of tau in sex hormone responsive cancers: lessons learnt from Alzheimer's disease.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2024Review
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Breast Cancer Tissue In Vitro after PDT Therapy.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Trends in the Disease Burden and Risk Factors of Women's Cancers in China From 1990 to 2019.International journal of public health · 2024Article
- Use of personal care product mixtures and incident hormone-sensitive cancers in the Sister Study: A U.S.-wide prospective cohort.Environment international · 2024Article
- Injectable Biomimetic Hydrogel Constructs for Cell-Based Menopausal Hormone Therapy with Reduced Breast Cancer Potential.Biomaterials research · 2024Article
- Α Humanized RANKL Transgenic Mouse Model of Progestin-Induced Mammary Carcinogenesis for Evaluation of Novel Therapeutics.Cancers · 2023Article
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is given to relieve the climacteric symptoms of menopause. Use of HRT reduced after a report from the Women's Health Initiative linked it to an increased risk of breast cancer. This association has been confirmed in several other studies, including the Million Women Study. The risk of breast cancer is greater for formulations that contain both estrogen and progesterone, compared with estrogen alone. The breast cancer risk associated with HRT is higher for estrogen receptor-positive cancers than for estrogen receptor-negative cancers, and for low-grade cancers compared with high-grade cancers. After cessation of HRT the increased risk of breast cancer dissipates within 2 years. The rapidity of the decline suggests that a proportion of breast cancers that are hormone dependent will regress if the hormonal stimulation is removed. In evaluating a woman who is considering HRT, factors that have been associated with an increased risk include the initiation of hormone use immediately after menopause, a lean body mass and high mammographic breast density.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.