Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21807969›Full record

ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2011

Pharmacodynamics of echinocandins against Candida glabrata: requirement for dosage escalation to achieve maximal antifungal activity in neutropenic hosts.

Susan J Howard, Joanne Livermore, Andrew Sharp, Joanne Goodwin, Lea Gregson, A Alastruey-Izquierdo, D S Perlin, Peter A Warn, William W Hope

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.7field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Rezafungin Versus Caspofungin in a Phase 2, Randomized, Double-blind Study for the Treatment of Candidemia and Invasive Candidiasis: The STRIVE Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021
    Trial
  3. Trial
  4. Expression of 1,3-β-glucan synthase subunits inAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2025
    Article
  5. Evolutionary accumulation ofEmerging microbes & infections · 2024
    Article
  6. Limitations of antifungal prophylaxis in preventing invasiveAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2024
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Assessment of Antifungal Pharmacodynamics.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
    Article
  10. Candidiasis byJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Significantly Improved Pharmacokinetics EnhancesAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2018
    Article
  18. Fungal Resistance to Echinocandins and the MDR Phenomenon inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Susan J HowardSchool of Translational Medicine, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.
Joanne Livermore
Andrew Sharp
Joanne Goodwin
Lea Gregson
A Alastruey-Izquierdo
D S Perlin
Peter A Warn
William W Hope
University of Manchester · GBManchester Academic Health Science Centre · GBRutgers New Jersey Medical School

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Candida glabrata is a leading cause of disseminated candidiasis. The echinocandins are increasingly used as first-line agents for the treatment of patients with this syndrome, although the optimal regimen for the treatment of invasive Candida glabrata infections in neutropenic patients is not known. We studied the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of micafungin, anidulafungin, and caspofungin in a neutropenic murine model of disseminated Candida glabrata infection to gain further insight into optimal therapeutic options for patients with this syndrome. A mathematical model was fitted to the data and used to bridge the experimental results to humans. The intravenous inoculation of Candida glabrata in mice was followed by logarithmic growth throughout the experimental period (101 h). A dose-dependent decline in fungal burden was observed following the administration of 0.1 to 20 mg/kg of body weight every 24 h for all three agents. The exposure-response relationships for each drug partitioned into distinct fungistatic and fungicidal components of activity. Surprisingly, the average human drug exposures following currently licensed regimens were predicted to result in a fungistatic antifungal effect. Higher human dosages of all three echinocandins are required to induce fungicidal effects in neutropenic hosts.

Indexed as

AnidulafunginAnimalsAntifungal AgentsCandida glabrataCandidiasisCaspofunginDose-Response Relationship, DrugEchinocandinsHumansLipopeptidesMaleMicafunginMiceMicrobial Sensitivity TestsNeutropeniaAnidulafunginAntifungal AgentsCaspofunginEchinocandinsLipopeptidesMicafungin

Identifiers

PMID21807969
PMCPMC3186993
OpenAlexW2142993422

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.