ArticleInfection and immunity2011
Comparative genomics of Esx genes from clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis provides evidence for gene conversion and epitope variation.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.
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47 citing papers in PubMed, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Design of a multi-epitope vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis using reverse vaccinology and immunoreactive peptides.Genomics & informatics · 2026Article
- Gene conversion is a key driver of diversity hotspots inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- ESAT-6 and CFP-10 reactive IgG in patients with tuberculosis inhibits intracellular bacteria.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Gene conversion and duplication contribute to genetic variation in an outbreak ofMicrobial genomics · 2025Article
- Interred mechanisms of resistance and host immune evasion revealed through network-connectivity analysis ofmSystems · 2025Article
- Type VII secretion system gene mutations driving global mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission revealed by whole genomic sequence.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Benchmarking pangenome dynamics and horizontal gene transfer inFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- The recent rapid expansion of multidrug resistant Ural lineage Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Moldova.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Diversification of gene content in theMicrobiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Phase variation as a major mechanism of adaptation inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Analysis of Genome-Wide Mutational Dependence in Naturally Evolving Mycobacterium tuberculosis Populations.Molecular biology and evolution · 2023Article
- Immunopeptidomics reveals determinants ofeLife · 2023Article
- Evaluating impacts of syntenic block detection strategies on rearrangement phylogeny using Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
- Genomic changes underpinning the emergence of a successfulFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Article
- A comprehensive update to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv reference genome.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Multiple genetic paths including massive gene amplification allowProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Article
- Recent Advances in the Development of Protein- and Peptide-Based Subunit Vaccines against Tuberculosis.Cells · 2020Review
- SEVERITY OF TB CLASSIFIED BY MODIFIED BANDIM TB SCORING ASSOCIATES WITH THE SPECIFIC SEQUENCE OF ESXA GENES IN MDR-TB PATIENTS.African journal of infectious diseases · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The 23-membered Esx protein family is involved in the host-pathogen interactions of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These secreted proteins are among the most immunodominant antigens recognized by the human immune system and have thus been used to develop vaccines and immunodiagnostic tests for tuberculosis (TB). Gene pairs for 10 Esx proteins are contained in the ESX-1 to ESX-5 loci, encoding type VII secretion systems. A subset of Esx proteins can be further classified into the Mtb9.9, QILSS, and TB10.4 subfamilies. To survey genetic diversity in the Esx family and its potential for antigenic variation, we sequenced all esx genes from 108 clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis from different clades by using a targeted approach. A total of 109 unique single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were observed, and 59 of these were nonsynonymous. Some of the resultant amino acid substitutions affect known Esx epitopes, including two in the EsxB (CFP-10) and EsxH (TB10.4) antigens. Assessment of the SNP distribution across the Esx proteins revealed high genetic variability, especially in the Mtb9.9 and QILSS subfamilies, and more conservation in the ESX-1 to ESX-4 loci. Comparison of the DNA sequences of variable esx genes provided clear evidence for recombination events between different genes in the same strain, some of which are predicted to truncate the corresponding protein. Many of these polymorphisms escape detection by ultrahigh-throughput sequencing using short sequence reads, as such approaches cannot distinguish between closely related genes. The esx gene family is dynamic, and sequence changes likely lead to immune variation.
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