ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2011
The multiple shark Ig H chain genes rearrange and hypermutate autonomously.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evolutionary Comparative Analyses of DNA-Editing Enzymes of the Immune System: From 5-Dimensional Description of Protein Structures to Immunological Insights and Applications to Protein Engineering.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Heavy chain-only antibody genes in fish evolved to generate unique CDR3 repertoire.European journal of immunology · 2022Article
- The immunoglobulins of cartilaginous fishes.Developmental and comparative immunology · 2021Review
- Bamboo Shark as a Small Animal Model for Single Domain Antibody Production.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2021Article
- Evidence for Ig Light Chain Isotype Exclusion in Shark B Lymphocytes Suggests Ordered Mechanisms.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2017Article
- Fish Immunoglobulins.Biology · 2016Review
- Assembly and Expression of Shark Ig Genes.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2016Review
- Biased Immunoglobulin Light Chain Gene Usage in the Shark.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2015Article
- Unique Features of Fish Immune Repertoires: Particularities of Adaptive Immunity Within the Largest Group of Vertebrates.Results and problems in cell differentiation · 2015Review
- Characterization of the heart transcriptome of the white shark (Carcharodon carcharias).BMC genomics · 2013Article
- Shark IgW C region diversification through RNA processing and isotype switching.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2013Article
- Evolution of B cell immunity.Annual review of animal biosciences · 2013Review
- Origin of immunoglobulin isotype switching.Current biology : CB · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Sharks and skates are representatives of the earliest vertebrates with an immune system based on V(D)J rearrangement. They possess a unique Ig gene organization consisting of 15 to >50 individual IgM loci, each with one VH, two DH, one JH, and one set of constant region exons. The present study attempts to understand how multiple Ig genes are regulated with respect to rearrangement initiation and to targeting during somatic hypermutation. The linkage of three single-copy IgH genes was determined, and single-cell genomic PCR studies in a neonatal animal were used to examine any relationship between relative gene position and likelihood of rearrangement. Our results show that one to three IgH genes are activated independently of linkage or allelic position and the data best fit with a probability model based on the hypothesis that V(D)J rearrangement occurs as a sequence of trials within the B cell. In the neonatal cell set, two closely related IgH, G2A, and G2B, rearranged at similar frequencies, and their membrane forms were expressed at similar levels, like in other young animals. However, older animals displayed a bias in favor of the G2A isotype, which suggests that although rearrangement at G2A and G2B was randomly initiated during primary repertoire generation, the two very similar IgM sequences appear to be differentially expressed with age and exposure to Ag. We performed genomic single-cell PCR on B cells from an immunized individual to study activation-induced cytidine deaminase targeting and found that hypermutation, like V(D)J rearrangement, occurred independently among the many shark IgH.
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Registered trials
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