ArticleThe American journal of pathology2011
TLR7 and TLR9 trigger distinct neuroinflammatory responses in the CNS.
Article in The American journal of pathology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- TLR ligands as immunomodulators: mechanistic insights and therapeutic potential in infectious and inflammatory diseases.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Engineered nanomedicine remodels the postoperative cavity microenvironment to suppress glioblastoma recurrence.Theranostics · 2026Review
- Colostrum extracellular vesicles are neuroprotective in models of Parkinson's disease.Theranostics · 2026Article
- Acute Sleep Deprivation and the Autoimmune TLR-BANK1 Pathway: Interplay with Gender and Emotional State.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Intestinal Lactobacillus johnsonii protects against neuroangiostrongyliasis in BALB/c mice through modulation of immune response.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Antioxidant and Anti-Apoptotic Neuroprotective Effects of Cinnamon in Imiquimod-Induced Lupus.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Synergistic Targeting of Innate Receptors TLR7 and NOD2 for Therapeutic Intervention in Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- An innate immune response to adeno-associated virus genomes decreases cortical dendritic complexity and disrupts synaptic transmission.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2024Article
- C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 and 7 synergistically control inflammatory monocyte recruitment but the infecting virus dictates monocyte function in the brain.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Feline coronavirus influences the biogenesis and composition of extracellular vesicles derived from CRFK cells.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Primary Cortical Cell Tri-Culture-Based Screening of Neuroinflammatory Response in Toll-like Receptor Activation.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Differences in neuroinvasion and protective innate immune pathways between encephalitic California Serogroup orthobunyaviruses.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Article
- Innate immune responses after stimulation with Toll-like receptor agonists in ex vivo microglial cultures and an in vivo model using mice with reduced microglia.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2021Article
- Immune cell compartmentalization for brain surveillance and protection.Nature immunology · 2021Review
- Central Nervous System-Endogenous TLR7 and TLR9 Induce Different Immune Responses and Effects on Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Article
- RETRACTED ARTICLE: Selected TLR7/8 agonist and type I interferon (IFN-α) cooperatively redefine the microglia transcriptome.Inflammopharmacology · 2020Article
- Effects of delayed intraventricular TLR7 agonist administration on long-term neurological outcome following asphyxia in the preterm fetal sheep.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Management of Neuroinflammatory Responses to AAV-Mediated Gene Therapies for Neurodegenerative Diseases.Brain sciences · 2020Review
- TLR9 and COVID-19: A Multidisciplinary Theory of a Multifaceted Therapeutic Target.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 7 and 9 recognize nucleic acid determinants from viruses and bacteria and elicit the production of type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines. TLR7 and TLR9 are similar regarding localization and signal transduction mechanisms. However, stimulation of these receptors has differing effects in modulating viral pathogenesis and in direct toxicity in the central nervous system (CNS). In the present study, we examined the potential of the TLR7 agonist imiquimod and the TLR9 agonist cytosine-phosphate-guanosine oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) to induce neuroinflammation after intracerebroventricular inoculation. CpG-ODN induced a more robust inflammatory response than did imiquimod after inoculation into the CNS, with higher levels of several proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The increase in cytokines and chemokines correlated with breakdown of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier and recruitment of peripheral cells to the CNS in CpG-ODN-inoculated mice. In contrast, TLR7 agonists induced a strong interferon β response in the CNS but only low levels of other cytokines. The difference in response to these agonists was not due to differences in distribution or longevity of the agonists but rather was correlated with cytokine production by choroid plexus cells. These results indicate that despite the high similarity of TLR7 and TLR9 in binding nucleic acids and inducing similar downstream signaling, the neuroinflammation response induced by these receptors differs dramatically due, at least in part, to activation of cells in the choroid plexus.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.