ArticleGlia2011
MMP9 deficiency does not decrease blood-brain barrier disruption, but increases astrocyte MMP3 expression during viral encephalomyelitis.
Article in Glia, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Circulating matrix metalloproteinases in children with diabetic ketoacidosis.Pediatric diabetes · 2017Trial
- IFN-γ protects the human blood-brain barrier from Toxoplasma gondii-mediated dysfunction via CCL2 suppression.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- The Factors Associated with the Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Tick-Borne Encephalitis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- M2 Microglial Extracellular Vesicles Attenuated Blood-brain Barrier Disruption via MiR-23a-5p in Cerebral Ischemic Mice.Aging and disease · 2024Article
- Neuronal Serpina3n is an endogenous protector against blood brain barrier damage following cerebral ischemic stroke.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2023Article
- Astrocytic Neuroimmunological Roles Interacting with Microglial Cells in Neurodegenerative Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Common Dysregulation of Innate Immunity Pathways in Human Primary Astrocytes Infected With Chikungunya, Mayaro, Oropouche, and Zika Viruses.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Increase in Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) Permeability Is Regulated by MMP3 via the ERK Signaling Pathway.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2021Article
- Polarizing receptor activation dissociates fibroblast growth factor 2 mediated inhibition of myelination from its neuroprotective potential.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2019Article
- Article
- Neutrophils in traumatic brain injury (TBI): friend or foe?Journal of neuroinflammation · 2018Review
- Hypoxia Response Element-Regulated MMP-9 Promotes Neurological Recovery via Glial Scar Degradation and Angiogenesis in Delayed Stroke.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2017Article
- Analysis of miRNAs Involved in Mouse Brain Damage upon Enterovirus 71 Infection.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2017Article
- Inducible Expression of CXCL1 within the Central Nervous System Amplifies Viral-Induced Demyelination.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2016Article
- Myd88 Initiates Early Innate Immune Responses and Promotes CD4 T Cells during Coronavirus Encephalomyelitis.Journal of virology · 2015Article
- A possible molecular mechanism of hearing loss during cerebral ischemia in mice.Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology · 2015Article
- ELR(+) chemokine signaling in host defense and disease in a viral model of central nervous system disease.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2014Review
- Ifit2 deficiency results in uncontrolled neurotropic coronavirus replication and enhanced encephalitis via impaired alpha/beta interferon induction in macrophages.Journal of virology · 2014Article
- MMP-independent role of TIMP-1 at the blood brain barrier during viral encephalomyelitis.ASN neuro · 2013Article
- Immune players in the CNS: the astrocyte.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), especially MMP9 correlates with blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption during many neuroinflammatory diseases. During neurotropic coronavirus virus (JHMV) induced encephalomyelitis, MMP9 activity is restricted to neutrophils. Furthermore, myeloid cell depletion implicated MMP9 in facilitating leukocyte central nervous system (CNS) infiltration via loss of BBB integrity. The requirement of MMP9 in BBB disruption was thus assessed in JHMV infected MMP9 deficient (MMP9(-/-)) mice. Depletion of neutrophils reduced CNS accumulation of monocytes and T cells, albeit without affecting overall pathogenesis. By contrast, infected MMP9(-/-) mice revealed no differences in CNS leukocyte infiltration, composition or localization, consistent with BBB disruption similar to wild-type (WT) mice. Unimpaired T cell mediated virus control supported an unexpectedly redundant role of MMP9 in promoting leukocyte access to the brain parenchyma. Although MMP9 deficiency did not expand the overall limited pattern of MMP expression during JHMV infection, it coincided with MMP3 upregulation. MMP3 expression remained largely confined to astrocytes, similar to WT mice. These data demonstrate that neutrophil-derived MMP9 is not the sole mediator facilitating parenchymal leukocyte entry via BBB disruption during viral encephalomyelitis. Moreover, significantly enhanced MMP3 expression by astrocytes in infected MMP9(-/-) mice suggests an active role of resident cells in participating and potentially collaborating with infiltrating cells in regulating BBB permeability. Overall, these results highlight the complexity of targeting individual MMPs as a strategy to regulate inflammation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.