ArticleNeurogenetics2011
Up-regulation of metallothionein gene expression in parkinsonian astrocytes.
Article in Neurogenetics, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Potential role of ochratoxin A in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review of current evidence.Archives of toxicology · 2025Pooled it
- Unveiling sex-based differences in Parkinson's disease: a comprehensive meta-analysis of transcriptomic studies.Biology of sex differences · 2022Pooled it
- Molecular impact of nicotine and smoking exposure on the developing and adult mouse brain.Addiction neuroscience · 2026Article
- Metallothionein and neurodegenerative diseases.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Ferroptosis in Parkinson's disease: a review of molecular mechanisms and emerging therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Combining Single-Cell RNA Sequencing and Mendelian Randomization to Explore Novel Drug Targets for Parkinson's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Metallothionein II treatment mitigates rotenone-induced neurodegeneration in zebrafish models of Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Metallothioneins in the Pathogenesis of Liver Diseases: A Review.International journal of hepatology · 2025Review
- Integrating bioinformatics and machine learning to uncover lncRNA LINC00269 as a key regulator in Parkinson's disease via pyroptosis pathways.European journal of medical research · 2024Article
- Comprehensive Analysis and Experimental Validation of the Parkinson's Disease Lysosomal Gene ACP2 and Pan-cancer.Biochemical genetics · 2024Article
- Multi-omic analysis of Huntington's disease reveals a compensatory astrocyte state.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Unravelling cell type-specific responses to Parkinson's Disease at single cell resolution.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2024Article
- Multi-OMIC analysis of Huntington disease reveals a neuroprotective astrocyte state.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Expression Profile of New Marker Genes Involved in Differentiation of Human Wharton's Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Chondrocytes, Osteoblasts, Adipocytes and Neural-like Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Multifunctional Metallothioneins as a Target for Neuroprotection in Parkinson's Disease.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Human striatal glia differentially contribute to AD- and PD-specific neurodegeneration.Nature aging · 2023Article
- Multiomic Analyses of Dopaminergic Neurons Isolated from Human Substantia Nigra in Parkinson's Disease: A Descriptive and Exploratory Study.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2022Article
- A Markov random field model-based approach for differentially expressed gene detection from single-cell RNA-seq data.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2022Article
- Disrupted myelination network in the cingulate cortex of Parkinson's disease.IET systems biology · 2022Article
- Abnormal metal homeostasis as a common drug target to combat neurodegenerative diseases.Neural regeneration research · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The role of glial cells in Parkinson's disease (PD) is unclear. We have previously reported a striking up-regulation of DnaJB6 heat shock protein in PD substantia nigra astrocytes. Whole genome transcriptome analysis also indicated increased expression of metallothionein genes in substantia nigra and cortex of sporadic PD cases. Metallothioneins are metal-binding proteins in the CNS that are released by astrocytes and associated with neuroprotection. Metallothionein expression was investigated in 18 PD cases and 15 non-PD controls using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), in situ hybridisation (ISH) and immunocytochemistry (ICC). We observed a strong increase in the expression of metallothioneins MT1E, MT1F, MT1G, MT1H, MT1M, MT1X and MT2A in both PD nigra and frontal cortex. Expression of LRP2 (megalin), the neuronal metallothionein receptor was also significantly increased. qRT-PCR confirmed metallothionein up-regulation. Astrocytes were found to be the main source of metallothioneins 1 and 2 based on ISH results, and this finding was confirmed by ICC. Our findings demonstrate metallothionein expression by reactive astrocytes in PD nigra and support a neuroprotective role for these cells. The traditional view that nigral astrocytes are non-reactive in PD is clearly incorrect. However, it is possible that astrocytes are themselves affected by the disease process which may explain their comparatively modest and previously overlooked response.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.