ArticlePloS one2011
Transcription and expression of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich proteins in different stages and strains: implications for rapid diagnostic tests.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 150 citations in OpenAlex.
- Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 and 3 genes deletion in global settings (2010-2021): a systematic review and meta-analysis.Malaria journal · 2022Pooled it
- Plasma concentration of parasite DNA as a measure of disease severity in falciparum malaria.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2015Trial
- Diagnosing severe falciparum malaria in parasitaemic African children: a prospective evaluation of plasma PfHRP2 measurement.PLoS medicine · 2012Trial
- Absence of false negative RDT results due to pfhrp2 deletion among symptomatic malaria infections in Kenya: findings from the 2022 Kenya national longitudinal surveillance of pfhrp2/3 deletions.Malaria journal · 2026Article
- Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Plasmodium falciparum field isolates lacking pfhrp2 gene.Malaria journal · 2026Article
- Deletion of target gene (histidine-rich protein 2/3) for Plasmodium falciparum rapid diagnostic tests in Amhara region, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Very low prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (pfhrp2) gene deletion in the Brazil, Venezuela, and Guyana tri-border.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- High Prevalence ofThe Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2025Review
- Novel Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2/3 repeat type in Ethiopian malaria infection: does this affect performance of HRP2-based malaria RDT?Malaria journal · 2024Article
- Analysis of nucleic acids extracted from rapid diagnostic tests reveals a significant proportion of false positive test results associated with recent malaria treatment.Malaria journal · 2022Article
- Geographical distribution and genetic characterization of pfhrp2 negative Plasmodium falciparum parasites in the Peruvian Amazon.PloS one · 2022Article
- Genetic deletions and high diversity ofFrontiers in epidemiology · 2022Article
- Genetic variation of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 and 3 in Assosa zone, Ethiopia: its impact on the performance of malaria rapid diagnostic tests.Malaria journal · 2021Article
- Assessment ofJournal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2021Article
- Molecular characterization of Plasmodium falciparum DNA-3-methyladenine glycosylase.Malaria journal · 2020Article
- Rapid diagnostic tests failing to detect infections by Plasmodium falciparum encoding pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 genes in a non-endemic setting.Malaria journal · 2020Article
- A novel multiplex qPCR assay for detection of Plasmodium falciparum with histidine-rich protein 2 and 3 (pfhrp2 and pfhrp3) deletions in polyclonal infections.EBioMedicine · 2020Article
- Quantification of malaria antigens PfHRP2 and pLDH by quantitative suspension array technology in whole blood, dried blood spot and plasma.Malaria journal · 2020Article
- Article
- A multiplex qPCR approach for detection of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 gene deletions in multiple strain infections of Plasmodium falciparum.Scientific reports · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlthough rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for Plasmodium falciparum infection that target histidine rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) are generally sensitive, their performance has been reported to be variable. One possible explanation for variable test performance is differences in expression level of PfHRP in different parasite isolates.
methodsTotal RNA and protein were extracted from synchronised cultures of 7 P. falciparum lines over 5 time points of the life cycle, and from synchronised ring stages of 10 falciparum lines. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis and ELISA we investigated variations in the transcription and protein levels of pfhrp2, pfhrp3 and PfHRP respectively in the different parasite lines, over the parasite intraerythrocytic life cycle.
resultsTranscription of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 in different parasite lines over the parasite life cycle was observed to vary relative to the control parasite K1. In some parasite lines very low transcription of these genes was observed. The peak transcription was observed in ring-stage parasites. Pfhrp2 transcription was observed to be consistently higher than pfhrp3 transcription within parasite lines. The intraerythrocytic lifecycle stage at which the peak level of protein was present varied across strains. Total protein levels were more constant relative to total mRNA transcription, however a maximum 24 fold difference in expression at ring-stage parasites relative to the K1 strain was observed.
conclusionsThe levels of transcription of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3, and protein expression of PfHRP varied between different P. falciparum strains. This variation may impact on the detection sensitivity of PfHRP2-detecting RDTs.
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