Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21799664›Full record

ArticlePLoS pathogens2011

Dynamic evolution of pathogenicity revealed by sequencing and comparative genomics of 19 Pseudomonas syringae isolates.

David A Baltrus, Marc T Nishimura, Artur Romanchuk, Jeff H Chang, M Shahid Mukhtar, Karen Cherkis, Jeff Roach, Sarah R Grant, Corbin D Jones, Jeffery L Dangl

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PLoS pathogens, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 226 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
226citing papers in PubMed
53.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

226 citing papers in PubMed, 435 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  3. Review
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  9. Comparative genomics of native plasmids from plant pathogenic Gammaproteobacteria.DNA research : an international journal for rapid publication of reports on genes and genomes · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. The metabolic burden associated with plasmid acquisition: An assessment of the unrecognized benefits to host cells.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2025
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Multiple host targets ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023
    Article
  20. Article

166 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

David A BaltrusDepartment of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Marc T Nishimura
Artur Romanchuk
Jeff H Chang
M Shahid Mukhtar
Karen Cherkis
Jeff Roach
Sarah R Grant
Corbin D Jones
Jeffery L Dangl
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · US

Funding

Diversity and evolution of P syringae type III effectorsR01GM066025 · NIGMS · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI DANGL, JEFFERY L. · 2004 to 2011
$2.4M
Evolutionary Conservation of Interacting Effector Complexes in P. SyringaeF32GM082279 · NIGMS · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI BALTRUS, DAVID A · 2007 to 2009
$142k
NIGMS NIH HHS 1-R01-GM066025NIGMS NIH HHS F32 GM082279NIGMS NIH HHS GM082279-03NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM066025
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Closely related pathogens may differ dramatically in host range, but the molecular, genetic, and evolutionary basis for these differences remains unclear. In many Gram- negative bacteria, including the phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae, type III effectors (TTEs) are essential for pathogenicity, instrumental in structuring host range, and exhibit wide diversity between strains. To capture the dynamic nature of virulence gene repertoires across P. syringae, we screened 11 diverse strains for novel TTE families and coupled this nearly saturating screen with the sequencing and assembly of 14 phylogenetically diverse isolates from a broad collection of diseased host plants. TTE repertoires vary dramatically in size and content across all P. syringae clades; surprisingly few TTEs are conserved and present in all strains. Those that are likely provide basal requirements for pathogenicity. We demonstrate that functional divergence within one conserved locus, hopM1, leads to dramatic differences in pathogenicity, and we demonstrate that phylogenetics-informed mutagenesis can be used to identify functionally critical residues of TTEs. The dynamism of the TTE repertoire is mirrored by diversity in pathways affecting the synthesis of secreted phytotoxins, highlighting the likely role of both types of virulence factors in determination of host range. We used these 14 draft genome sequences, plus five additional genome sequences previously reported, to identify the core genome for P. syringae and we compared this core to that of two closely related non-pathogenic pseudomonad species. These data revealed the recent acquisition of a 1 Mb megaplasmid by a sub-clade of cucumber pathogens. This megaplasmid encodes a type IV secretion system and a diverse set of unknown proteins, which dramatically increases both the genomic content of these strains and the pan-genome of the species.

Indexed as

Biological EvolutionAllelesBacterial ProteinsBase SequenceGenome, BacterialGenomicsPhylogenyPlant DiseasesPlasmidsPseudomonas syringaeVirulence FactorsavrPto protein, Pseudomonas syringaeBacterial ProteinsVirulence Factors

Identifiers

PMID21799664
PMCPMC3136466
OpenAlexW2104267395

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.