ArticleJournal of virology2011
Molecular surveillance of HIV-1 in Madrid, Spain: a phylogeographic analysis.
Article in Journal of virology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Tracing the relationship among HIV-1 sub-subtype F1 strains: a phylodynamic perspective.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2023Article
- Transmission Clusters, Predominantly Associated With Men Who Have Sex With Men, Play a Main Role in the Propagation of HIV-1 in Northern Spain (2013-2018).Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Non-B variants of HIV-1 in San Francisco, California.Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Article
- Analysis of HIV-1 diversity, primary drug resistance and transmission networks in Croatia.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Article
- Characterization of New Recombinant Forms of HIV-1 From the Comunitat Valenciana (Spain) by Phylogenetic Incongruence.Frontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
- Distinctive variation in the U3R region of the 5' Long Terminal Repeat from diverse HIV-1 strains.PloS one · 2018Article
- The molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in the Comunidad Valenciana (Spain): analysis of transmission clusters.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- High prevalence and diversity of HIV-1 non-B genetic forms due to immigration in southern Spain: A phylogeographic approach.PloS one · 2017Article
- Characteristics and spread to the native population of HIV-1 non-B subtypes in two European countries with high migration rate.BMC infectious diseases · 2015Article
- HIV Transmission Patterns Among Immigrant Latinos Illuminated by the Integration of Phylogenetic and Migration Data.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2015Article
- Characteristics of patients recently infected with HIV-1 non-B subtypes in France: a nested study within the mandatory notification system for new HIV diagnoses.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2014Article
- Phylogenetic studies of transmission dynamics in generalized HIV epidemics: an essential tool where the burden is greatest?Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2014Review
- Molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in Panama: origin of non-B subtypes in samples collected from 2007 to 2013.PloS one · 2014Article
- Phylogenetic inferences on HIV-1 transmission: implications for the design of prevention and treatment interventions.AIDS (London, England) · 2013Review
- Virologic and immunologic response to cART by HIV-1 subtype in the CASCADE collaboration.PloS one · 2013Article
- Most HIV type 1 non-B infections in the Spanish cohort of antiretroviral treatment-naïve HIV-infected patients (CoRIS) are due to recombinant viruses.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2012Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 is constantly changing, mainly as a result of human migratory flows and the high adaptive ability of the virus. In recent years, Spain has become one of Europe's main destinations for immigrants and one of the western European countries with the highest rates of HIV-positive patients. Using a phylogeographic approach, we have analyzed the relationship between HIV-1 variants detected in immigrant and native populations of the urban area of Madrid. Our project was based on two coincidental facts. First, resistance tests were extended to naïve and newly diagnosed patients, and second, the Spanish government legislated the provision of legal status to many immigrants. This allowed us to obtain a large data set (n = 2,792) from 11 Madrid hospitals of viral pol sequences from the two populations, and with this unique material, we explored the impact of immigration in the epidemiological trends of HIV-1 variants circulating in the largest Spanish city. The prevalence of infections by non-B HIV-1 variants in the studied cohort was 9%, rising to 25% among native Spanish patients. Multiple transmission events involving different lineages and subsubtypes were observed in all the subtypes and recombinant forms studied. Our results also revealed strong social clustering among the most recent immigrant groups, such as Russians and Romanians, but not in those groups who have lived in Madrid for many years. Additionally, we document for the first time the presence of CRF47_BF and CRF38_BF in Europe, and a new BG recombinant form found in Spaniards and Africans is tentatively proposed. These results suggest that the HIV-1 epidemic will evolve toward a more complex epidemiological landscape.
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