ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation1990
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor promotes differentiation and survival of human peripheral blood dendritic cells in vitro.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 1990. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 264 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diversity of antigen-specific responses induced in vivo with CTLA-4 blockade in prostate cancer patients.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2012Trial
- Phase I clinical trial of autologous ascites-derived exosomes combined with GM-CSF for colorectal cancer.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2008Trial
- Hepatitis B immunization of healthy elderly adults: relationship between naïve CD4+ T cells and primary immune response and evaluation of GM-CSF as an adjuvant.Journal of clinical immunology · 2001Trial
- Cutaneous side effects in breast cancer patients treated with cytostatic polychemotherapy and rh GM-CSF: immune phenomena or drug toxicity?Breast cancer research and treatment · 1995Trial
- Synergistic potential of sipuleucel-T in enhancing immunotherapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Review
- Cellular Immunotherapy for Prostate Cancer: Lessons Learned From 15 Years of Sipuleucel-T.Prostate cancer · 2025Review
- Highlights into historical and current immune interventions for cancer.International immunopharmacology · 2023Review
- The evolving biology of cross-presentation.Seminars in immunology · 2023Review
- cDC1 Vaccines Drive Tumor Rejection by Direct Presentation Independently of Host cDC1.Cancer immunology research · 2022Article
- DCs at the center of help: Origins and evolution of the three-cell-type hypothesis.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2022Article
- Modification of Glial Cell Activation through Dendritic Cell Vaccination: Promises for Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2021Review
- Recent Advances in Good Manufacturing Practice-Grade Generation of Dendritic Cells.Transfusion medicine and hemotherapy : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Transfusionsmedizin und Immunhamatologie · 2020Review
- Extracorporeal Photochemotherapy: Mechanistic Insights Driving Recent Advances and Future Directions.The Yale journal of biology and medicine · 2020Review
- Dendritic Cells as an Alternate Approach for Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2018Review
- Dendritic Cell-Based Cancer Vaccines.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2018Review
- Exosomes and Immune Response in Cancer: Friends or Foes?Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Comparative study of dendritic cells matured by using IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and prostaglandins E2 for different time span.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2017Article
- Systemic GM-CSF Recruits Effector T Cells into the Tumor Microenvironment in Localized Prostate Cancer.Cancer immunology research · 2016Article
- Dendritic cells as therapeutic targets in neuroinflammation.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2016Review
- Perspectives on sipuleucel-T: Its role in the prostate cancer treatment paradigm.Oncoimmunology · 2016Review
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Interest in human dendritic cells (DC) has been heightened recently by the discovery that this cell type is a primary target of the human immunodeficiency virus, the causative agent of AIDS. DC are bone marrow-derived cells with an extraordinarily potent ability to promote the immunological activity of T lymphocytes. Unfortunately, since DC constitute less than 0.5% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and die within a few days of their isolation, they are not readily accessible to study. We report here that granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), a cytokine with well-recognized effects on granulocyte and macrophage maturation, profoundly affects the morphology and viability of DC isolated from peripheral blood. GM-CSF not only promotes DC survival but also induces DC differentiation to mobile, reversibly adherent cells with long-branched projections. DC cultured in GM-CSF survive for up to 6 wk and retain their ability to stimulate the proliferation of T cells in allogeneic and autologous mixed leukocyte reactions.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.