ArticleJournal of leukocyte biology2011
TLR2-dependent modulation of dendritic cells by LT-IIa-B5, a novel mucosal adjuvant derived from a type II heat-labile enterotoxin.
Article in Journal of leukocyte biology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin induces cell death and disrupts effector functions in porcine monocytes.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- RecombinantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Sublingual Adjuvant Delivery by a Live Attenuated Vibrio cholerae-Based Antigen Presentation Platform.mSphere · 2018Article
- Dendritic Cell-Mediated Mechanisms Triggered by LT-IIa-BJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2017Article
- Toll-like receptor 2 activators modulate oral tolerance in mice.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2015Article
- Cell clustering and delay/arrest in T-cell division implicate a novel mechanism of immune modulation by E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin B-subunits.Cellular immunology · 2015Article
- The Quest for an HIV-1 Vaccine Adjuvant: Bacterial Toxins as New Potential Platforms.Journal of clinical & cellular immunology · 2014Article
- Review
- Identification and characterization of intestinal antigen-presenting cells involved in uptake and processing of a nontoxic recombinant chimeric mucosal immunogen based on cholera toxin using imaging flow cytometry.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2014Article
- Targeting TLR2 for vaccine development.Journal of immunology research · 2014Review
- Type II heat-labile enterotoxins: structure, function, and immunomodulatory properties.Veterinary immunology and immunopathology · 2013Review
- The FomA porin from Fusobacterium nucleatum is a Toll-like receptor 2 agonist with immune adjuvant activity.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2012Article
- Current and novel approaches to vaccine development against tuberculosis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2012Review
- The yin and yang of human Beta-defensins in health and disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A host of human pathogens invades the body at mucosal surfaces. Yet, strong, protective mucosal immune responses directed against those pathogens routinely cannot be induced without the use of adjuvants. Although the strongest mucosal adjuvants are members of the family of HLTs, the inherent toxicities of HLT holotoxins preclude their clinical use. Herein, it is shown that LT-IIa-B(5) enhances mucosal immune responses by modulating activities of DCs. i.n. immunization of mice with OVA in the presence of LT-IIa-B(5) recruited DCs to the NALT and significantly increased uptake of OVA by those DCs. Furthermore, LT-IIa-B(5) increased expression of CCR7 by DCs, which mediated enhanced migration of the cells from the NALT to the draining CLNs. LT-IIa-B(5) also enhanced maturation of DCs, as revealed by increased surface expression of CD40, CD80, and CD86. Ag-specific CD4(+) T cell proliferation was augmented in the CLNs of mice that had received i.n. LT-IIa-B(5). Finally, when used as an i.n. adjuvant, LT-IIa-B(5) dramatically increased the levels of OVA-specific salivary IgA and OVA-specific serum IgG. Strikingly, each of the activities induced by LT-IIa-B(5) was strictly TLR2-dependent. The data strongly suggest that the immunomodulatory properties of LT-IIa-B(5) depend on the productive modulation of mucosal DCs. Notably, this is the first report for any HLT to demonstrate in vivo the elicitation of strong, TLR2-dependent modulatory effects on DCs with respect to adjuvanticity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.