ArticleStroke research and treatment2011
Infection after acute ischemic stroke: risk factors, biomarkers, and outcome.
Article in Stroke research and treatment, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05889169 (Stroke-induced Immunodepression), which is not on this map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Stroke-induced Immunodepression: Role in the Neurorehabilitation Setting
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Blood/Brain Biomarkers of Inflammation After Stroke and Their Association With Outcome: From C-Reactive Protein to Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2016Pooled it
- Stroke-induced immunodepression and dysphagia independently predict stroke-associated pneumonia - The PREDICT study.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2017Trial
- Infections Up to 76 Days After Stroke Increase Disability and Death.Translational stroke research · 2017Trial
- Stroke-Associated Infections after Mechanical Thrombectomy: Analysis of the Stroke-Associated INfection afTer Mechanical Thrombectomy (SAINT-MT) Study.Cerebrovascular diseases extra · 2026Article
- A Single-Center Retrospective Study of Bacterial Infections After Acute Ischemic Stroke: The Prevalence Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Stroke-associated infections in patients with and without cancer.Neuro-oncology practice · 2023Article
- Prediction of upcoming urinary tract infection after intracerebral hemorrhage: a machine learning approach based on statistics collected at multiple time points.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Circulating Inflammatory Biomarkers in Early Prediction of Stroke-Associated Infections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Systemic inflammation after stroke: implications for post-stroke comorbidities.EMBO molecular medicine · 2022Review
- Readmission Rates in Stroke Patients with and without Infections: Incidence and Risk Factors.Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association · 2022Article
- Stroke-induced changes to immune function and their relevance to increased risk of severe COVID-19 disease.Discovery immunology · 2022Review
- Biomarkers for prognostic functional recovery poststroke: A narrative review.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
- Septicemia and mortality after noncardiac surgery associated with CHA2DS2-VASc score: a retrospective cohort study based on a real-world database.BMC surgery · 2021Article
- Risk Estimation of Infectious and Inflammatory Disorders in Hospitalized Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke Using Clinical-Lab Nomogram.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
- Observational
- The Local and Peripheral Immune Responses to Stroke: Implications for Therapeutic Development.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2020Review
- Very Low Frequency Heart Rate Variability Predicts the Development of Post-Stroke Infections.Translational stroke research · 2019Observational
- Advanced age promotes colonic dysfunction and gut-derived lung infection after stroke.Aging cell · 2019Article
- Biomarkers of immune capacity, infection and inflammation are associated with poor outcome and mortality after stroke - the PREDICT study.BMC neurology · 2019Article
- t-PA Suppresses the Immune Response and Aggravates Neurological Deficit in a Murine Model of Ischemic Stroke.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background. The activation of inflammatory cascades triggered by ischemic stroke may play a key role in the development of infections. Methods. Patients admitted with ischemic stroke within 24 hours were prospectively enrolled. Biomarkers of infection were measured on days 1, 3, and 5. The patients were continuously monitored for predefined infections. Results. Patients with infection were older (OR 1.06 per year, 95% CI 1.01-1.11) and had a higher National Institute of Health Stroke Scale Score (NIHSS, OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.10-1.34), localization in the insula, and higher stroke volumes on diffusion-weighted imaging. The maximum temperature on days 1 and 3, leukocytes, interleukin-6, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein on days 1, 3, and 5, C-reactive protein on days 3 and 5, and procalcitonin on day 5 were higher and HLA-DR-expression on monocytes on days 1, 3, and 5 lower in patients with infection. Age and NIHSS predicted the development of infections. Infection was an independent predictor of poor functional outcome. Conclusions. Severe stroke and increasing age were shown to be early predictors for infections after stroke.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.