ArticlePloS one2011
Exposure to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs during pregnancy and the risk of selected birth defects: a prospective cohort study.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Maternal drug use and the risk of anorectal malformations: systematic review and meta-analysis.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2018Pooled it
- Trial
- Beyond associations: Navigating the safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in early pregnancy.PLoS medicine · 2026Article
- First-trimester nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs exposure and risk of major congenital malformations: A retrospective register-based cohort study.PLoS medicine · 2026Article
- Paracetamol in Pregnancy: Reassurance Amidst Uncertainty.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2026Article
- Assessing the Impact of Exposure Misclassification in Case-Control Studies of Self-Reported Medication Use.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2026Article
- Perioperative management of surgical procedure during pregnancy: a systematic review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2024Article
- Neonatal and maternal adverse outcomes and exposure to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs during early pregnancy in South Korea: A nationwide cohort study.PLoS medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Clinical and Descriptive Study of Orofacial Clefts in Colombia: 2069 Patients From Operation Smile Foundation.The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association · 2022Article
- Periconceptional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, folic acid intake, and the risk of spina bifida.Birth defects research · 2021Article
- Pregnancy and Dentistry: A Literature Review on Risk Management during Dental Surgical Procedures.Dentistry journal · 2021Review
- Preoperative pregnancy testing in surgical patients: How useful is policy of routine testing.Indian journal of anaesthesia · 2019Article
- Pharmacological Approach to Managing Childhood-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus During Conception, Pregnancy and Breastfeeding.Paediatric drugs · 2018Review
- Migraine Treatment in Pregnancy and Lactation.Current pain and headache reports · 2017Review
- Acetylsalicylic acid interferes with embryonic kidney growth and development by a prostaglandin-independent mechanism.World journal of nephrology · 2017Article
- Association of Prenatal Ibuprofen Exposure with Birth Weight and Gestational Age: A Population-Based Sibling Study.PloS one · 2016Observational
- Pharmacological treatment of migraine during pregnancy and breastfeeding.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2015Review
- Case-control analysis of maternal prenatal analgesic use and cardiovascular malformations: Baltimore-Washington Infant Study.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2014Article
- Maternal flu or fever, medications use in the first trimester and the risk for neural tube defects: a hospital-based case-control study in China.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSince use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) during pregnancy is common, small increases in the risk of birth defects may have significant implications for public health. Results of human studies on the teratogenic risks of NSAIDs are inconsistent. Therefore, we evaluated the risk of selected birth defects after prenatal exposure to prescribed and over-the-counter NSAIDs. METHODS AND
findingsWe used data on 69,929 women enrolled in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study between 1999 and 2006. Data on NSAID exposure were available from a self-administered questionnaire completed around gestational week 17. Information on pregnancy outcome was obtained from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Only birth defects suspected to be associated with NSAID exposure based upon proposed teratogenic mechanisms and previous studies were included in the multivariable logistic regression analyses. A total of 3,023 women used NSAIDs in gestational weeks 0-12 and 64,074 women did not report NSAID use in early pregnancy. No associations were observed between overall exposure to NSAIDs during pregnancy and the selected birth defects separately or as a group (adjusted odds ratio 0.7, 95% confidence interval 0.4-1.1). Associations between maternal use of specific types of NSAIDs and the selected birth defects were not found either, although an increased risk was seen for septal defects and exposure to multiple NSAIDs based on small numbers (2 exposed cases; crude odds ratio 3.9, 95% confidence interval 0.9-15.7).
conclusionsExposure to NSAIDs during the first 12 weeks of gestation does not seem to be associated with an increased risk of the selected birth defects. However, due to the small numbers of NSAID-exposed infants for the individual birth defect categories, increases in the risks of specific birth defects could not be excluded.
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Registered trials
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