Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21787409›Full record

ArticleGenome biology2011

Targeted enrichment beyond the consensus coding DNA sequence exome reveals exons with higher variant densities.

Matthew N Bainbridge, Min Wang, Yuanqing Wu, Irene Newsham, Donna M Muzny, John L Jefferies, Thomas J Albert, Daniel L Burgess, Richard A Gibbs

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Genome biology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 160 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
160citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

160 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Trial
  4. Article
  5. Exploratory Association of 5' and 3' UTRs Variants inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Article
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  9. Article
  10. Overview and Prospects of DNA Sequence Visualization.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
  11. Variants inGenetics in medicine open · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

100 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Matthew N BainbridgeHuman Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Min Wang
Yuanqing Wu
Irene Newsham
Donna M Muzny
John L Jefferies
Thomas J Albert
Daniel L Burgess
Richard A Gibbs

Funding

The Human Genome Sequencing CenterU54HG003273 · NHGRI · BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE · PI GIBBS, RICHARD A · 2004 to 2015
$341.3M
NHGRI NIH HHS U54 HG003273NHGRI NIH HHS U54HG003273
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEnrichment of loci by DNA hybridization-capture, followed by high-throughput sequencing, is an important tool in modern genetics. Currently, the most common targets for enrichment are the protein coding exons represented by the consensus coding DNA sequence (CCDS). The CCDS, however, excludes many actual or computationally predicted coding exons present in other databases, such as RefSeq and Vega, and non-coding functional elements such as untranslated and regulatory regions. The number of variants per base pair (variant density) and our ability to interrogate regions outside of the CCDS regions is consequently less well understood.

resultsWe examine capture sequence data from outside of the CCDS regions and find that extremes of GC content that are present in different subregions of the genome can reduce the local capture sequence coverage to less than 50% relative to the CCDS. This effect is due to biases inherent in both the Illumina and SOLiD sequencing platforms that are exacerbated by the capture process. Interestingly, for two subregion types, microRNA and predicted exons, the capture process yields higher than expected coverage when compared to whole genome sequencing. Lastly, we examine the variation present in non-CCDS regions and find that predicted exons, as well as exonic regions specific to RefSeq and Vega, show much higher variant densities than the CCDS.

conclusionsWe show that regions outside of the CCDS perform less efficiently in capture sequence experiments. Further, we show that the variant density in computationally predicted exons is more than 2.5-times higher than that observed in the CCDS.

Indexed as

Consensus SequenceExomeExonsSequence Analysis, DNAAllelesComputational BiologyGene FrequencyGenome, HumanHumansIntronsMutation RateOpen Reading FramesPolymorphism, Single Nucleotide

Identifiers

PMID21787409
PMCPMC3218830

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.