ArticleArchives of women's mental health2011
Posttraumatic stress disorder and trauma characteristics are correlates of premenstrual dysphoric disorder.
Article in Archives of women's mental health, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- The prevalence of traumatic exposure in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD): a systematic review.Archives of women's mental health · 2025Pooled it
- Bidirectional Association Between Premenstrual Disorders and Psychiatric Disorders.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Premenstrual dysphoric disorder in online peer support communities: a Reddit case study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The role of trait anger, rumination, and locus of control in the relationship between trauma, stress, and premenstrual disorders.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Premenstrual disorders and risk of sick leave and unemployment: a prospective cohort study of 15 857 women in Sweden.BMJ mental health · 2025Article
- The role of the neuroinflammation and stressors in premenstrual syndrome/premenstrual dysphoric disorder: a review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Review
- Mental Health Across the Menstrual Cycle in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Insights and Implications.Current psychiatry reports · 2024Review
- Early Life Trauma, Emotion Dysregulation and Hormonal Sensitivity Across Female Reproductive Life Events.Current psychiatry reports · 2024Review
- The role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in depression across the female reproductive lifecycle: current knowledge and future directions.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Childhood adversity predicts stronger premenstrual mood worsening, stress appraisal and cortisol decrease in women with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Roles of childhood maltreatment, personality traits, and life stress in the prediction of severe premenstrual symptoms.BioPsychoSocial medicine · 2022Article
- Association between adverse childhood experiences and premenstrual disorders: a cross-sectional analysis of 11,973 women.BMC medicine · 2022Article
- Menstrual Cycle in Trauma-Related Disorders: A Mini-Review.Frontiers in global women's health · 2022Review
- The Impact of the Menstrual Cycle and Underlying Hormones in Anxiety and PTSD: What Do We Know and Where Do We Go From Here?Current psychiatry reports · 2021Review
- Pilot Data on the Feasibility And Clinical Outcomes of a Nomegestrol Acetate Oral Contraceptive Pill in Women With Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Article
- How to study the menstrual cycle: Practical tools and recommendations.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2021Review
- Allopregnanolone in premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD): Evidence for dysregulated sensitivity to GABA-A receptor modulating neuroactive steroids across the menstrual cycle.Neurobiology of stress · 2020Article
- Menstrual Cycle Changes in Vagally-Mediated Heart Rate Variability are Associated with Progesterone: Evidence from Two Within-Person Studies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- Influence of Childhood Maltreatment, Adulthood Stressful Life Events, and Affective Temperaments on Premenstrual Mental Symptoms of Nonclinical Adult Volunteers.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is often comorbid with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) in women; however, it is unclear whether this relationship is driven by the trauma that may lead to PTSD or if PTSD is uniquely associated with PMDD. In this study, we examine trauma and PTSD as independent correlates of PMDD. Researchers conducted a cross-sectional, secondary data analysis of 3,968 female participants (aged 18-40) of the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys. Women who had a history of trauma with PTSD (odds ratio, OR = 8.14, 95% confidence interval, CI = 3.56-18.58) or a history of trauma without PTSD (OR = 2.84, 95% CI = 1.26-6.42) were significantly more likely than women with no history of trauma to report PMDD. This graded relationship was also observed in association with premenstrual symptoms. Among trauma survivors, PTSD was independently associated with PMDD, although characteristics of participants' trauma history partially accounted for this association. Our study demonstrated that trauma and PTSD were independently associated with PMDD and premenstrual symptoms. Clinicians should be aware that women who present with premenstrual symptomatology complaints may also have a history of trauma and PTSD that needs to be addressed. This pattern of comorbidity may complicate the treatment of both conditions.
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Registered trials
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